IDENTIFICATION AND DETERMINATION OF GERMANIUM CHEMICAL FORMS IN THE OBJECTS OF DIFFERENT NATURE

Abstract

On the basis of literary sources data the questions of identification and determination of Germanium chemical forms in various objects are considered. It is marked that this area of analytical chemistry of Germanium (in comparison with many other elements) is small worked out. The small number of information testifies on the speciation analysis of Germanium containing objects are both in encyclopedic and in other summarizing literature and in the single articles. It is shown that the combined methods which include combining procedures of division (separation) and concentration of forms with highly sensitive determination with the use of physical methods of analysis are the most effective for Germanium forms determination in the objects of environment. It is established that various physical methods (such as X-ray diffraction, IR-spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, solid-phase luminescence and others) are used for finding out the Germanium forms in inorganic Germanium containing materials. The different variants of the X-ray spectroscopy ( for example X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES), X-ray fine structure (XAFS)) are most widely used for these purposes, especially X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy which makes it possible not only to find out but in some cases to determine the Germanium forms concentration. Quantitative determination of Germanium forms in inorganic materials comes true, mainly, by the titrimetric methods (redox-metry, complexometry) and selective extraction of forms by specific solvents, which are choosed counting physical and chemical properties of Germanium forms which are determined and the nature of samples which are investigated. The difficulties of quantitative analysis, related to the variety of Germanium forms and their crystalline modifications, and also with the methods of validating of determination of forms are marked.

Keywords

• речовинний аналіз
• функціональні неорганічні матеріали
• об’єкти навколишнього середовища
• виявлення та визначення хімічних форм германію
• хімічні та фізичні методи аналізу