Al Ameen Journal of Medical Sciences (Jul 2021)
Central corneal thickness and optic disc changes in type-2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic retinopathy - A prospective cross-sectional study in a tertiary care centre
Abstract
Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) refers to a group of common metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of hyperglycemia. It becomes a global epidemic and day by day it is increasing, expecting more than 200 million type 2 DM cases will be seen in next decade predicted by World Health Organization (WHO). India has 31.7 million diabetic patients and the number is expected to increase upto 79.4 million by 2030. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains a leading cause of visual disability and blindness. It is a major microvascular complication of diabetes and is frequently accompanied by lipid exudation. The elevated level of blood glucose and HbA1c is highly associated with changes in central corneal thickness. Objective: To estimate the changes of central corneal thickness (CCT) and optic disc in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients with or without retinopathy. Materials and Methods: It was a hospital base cross sectional study. The study population were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria after proper evaluation. The study population was divided into two groups. Group A (control) and group B (study) were considered as patients who had type 2 DM without DR and with DR respectively. The data were collected and tabulated in excel sheet. The statistical analysis was done as percentage, proportion Pearson’s chi square test/ Mann-Whitney U test. The statistical significant was considered if p value < 0.05. Results: The mean CCT of control and study groups were 549.60±4.56µm and 555.45 ± 5.71µm respectively. (p ≤ 0.001). The mean IOP of control and study groups were 19.88±1.82 mm Hg and 23.55 ± 1.77 mm Hg respectively. (p ≤ 0.001). Among study groups, optic atrophy, disc hemorrhage, disc neovascularization (NVD) and nerve fiber damage were 4%, 2%, 4% and 4% respectively. Conclusion: The Type2 diabetes with retinopathy patients had higher CCT, increase risk of optic atrophy, NVD and nerve fiber damage.
