Current Issues in Molecular Biology (Jun 2024)

Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals E6 and E7 of HPV 16 Regulate Metabolic Reprogramming in Cervical Cancer, Head and Neck Cancer, and Colorectal Cancer through the PHD2-VHL-CUL2-ELOC-HIF-1α Axis

  • Adán Arizmendi-Izazaga,
  • Napoleón Navarro-Tito,
  • Hilda Jiménez-Wences,
  • Adilene Evaristo-Priego,
  • Víctor Daniel Priego-Hernández,
  • Roberto Dircio-Maldonado,
  • Ana Elvira Zacapala-Gómez,
  • Miguel Ángel Mendoza-Catalán,
  • Berenice Illades-Aguiar,
  • Mónica Ascención De Nova Ocampo,
  • Eric Genaro Salmerón-Bárcenas,
  • Marco Antonio Leyva-Vázquez,
  • Julio Ortiz-Ortiz

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46060370
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 46, no. 6
pp. 6199 – 6222

Abstract

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Human papillomavirus 16 (HPV 16) infection is associated with several types of cancer, such as head and neck, cervical, anal, and penile cancer. Its oncogenic potential is due to the ability of the E6 and E7 oncoproteins to promote alterations associated with cell transformation. HPV 16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins increase metabolic reprogramming, one of the hallmarks of cancer, by increasing the stability of hypoxia-induced factor 1 α (HIF-1α) and consequently increasing the expression levels of their target genes. In this report, by bioinformatic analysis, we show the possible effect of HPV 16 oncoproteins E6 and E7 on metabolic reprogramming in cancer through the E6-E7-PHD2-VHL-CUL2-ELOC-HIF-1α axis. We proposed that E6 and E7 interact with VHL, CUL2, and ELOC in forming the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that ubiquitinates HIF-1α for degradation via the proteasome. Based on the information found in the databases, it is proposed that E6 interacts with VHL by blocking its interaction with HIF-1α. On the other hand, E7 interacts with CUL2 and ELOC, preventing their binding to VHL and RBX1, respectively. Consequently, HIF-1α is stabilized and binds with HIF-1β to form the active HIF1 complex that binds to hypoxia response elements (HREs), allowing the expression of genes related to energy metabolism. In addition, we suggest an effect of E6 and E7 at the level of PHD2, VHL, CUL2, and ELOC gene expression. Here, we propose some miRNAs targeting PHD2, VHL, CUL2, and ELOC mRNAs. The effect of E6 and E7 may be the non-hydroxylation and non-ubiquitination of HIF-1α, which may regulate metabolic processes involved in metabolic reprogramming in cancer upon stabilization, non-degradation, and translocation to the nucleus.

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