Molecular Mechanisms of Healthy Aging: The Role of Caloric Restriction, Intermittent Fasting, Mediterranean Diet, and Ketogenic Diet—A Scoping Review
Roxana Surugiu,
Mihaela Adela Iancu,
Ștefănița Bianca Vintilescu,
Mioara Desdemona Stepan,
Daiana Burdusel,
Amelia Valentina Genunche-Dumitrescu,
Carmen-Adriana Dogaru,
Gheorghe Gindrovel Dumitra
Affiliations
Roxana Surugiu
Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, St. Petru Rares, No. 2-4, 200433 Craiova, Romania
Mihaela Adela Iancu
Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Rheumatology, Geriatrics), Family Medicine, Labor Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
Ștefănița Bianca Vintilescu
Department of Infant Care-Pediatrics-Neonatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, St. Petru Rares, No. 2-4, 200433 Craiova, Romania
Mioara Desdemona Stepan
Department of Infant Care-Pediatrics-Neonatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, St. Petru Rares, No. 2-4, 200433 Craiova, Romania
Daiana Burdusel
Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, St. Petru Rares, No. 2-4, 200433 Craiova, Romania
Amelia Valentina Genunche-Dumitrescu
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, St. Petru Rares, No. 2-4, 200433 Craiova, Romania
Carmen-Adriana Dogaru
Department of Family Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, St. Petru Rareș, No. 2-4, 200349 Craiova, Romania
Gheorghe Gindrovel Dumitra
Department of Family Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, St. Petru Rareș, No. 2-4, 200349 Craiova, Romania
As the population ages, promoting healthy aging through targeted interventions becomes increasingly crucial. Growing evidence suggests that dietary interventions can significantly impact this process by modulating fundamental molecular pathways. This review focuses on the potential of targeted dietary strategies in promoting healthy aging and the mechanisms by which specific nutrients and dietary patterns influence key pathways involved in cellular repair, inflammation, and metabolic regulation. Caloric restriction, intermittent fasting, the Mediterranean diet, as well as the ketogenic diet showed promising effects on promoting healthy aging, possibly by modulating mTORC1 AMPK, an insulin signaling pathway. By understanding the intricate interplay between diet and molecular pathways, we can develop personalized dietary strategies that not only prevent age-related diseases, but also promote overall health and well-being throughout the aging process.