Nuclear Fusion (Jan 2023)
Predictive SOLPS-ITER simulations to study the role of divertor magnetic geometry in detachment control in the MAST-U Super-X configuration
Abstract
The SOLPS-ITER code has been utilised to study the movement of the detachment front location from target towards the X-point for MAST-U Super-X plasmas. Two sets of detached steady state solutions are obtained by either varying the deuterium ( D _2 ) fuelling rate or the nitrogen ( N ) seeding rate to scan the corresponding ‘control’ parameters of outboard midplane density, $n_\mathrm{u}$ , and the divertor impurity concentration, $f_\mathrm{I}$ . At seeding and fuelling rates ∼10× and ∼5× that required to start detachment at the divertor target, the detachment front only reaches ∼50% of the poloidal distance to the X-point, $l_\mathrm{pol}$ , corresponding to a region of strong parallel gradients in the total magnetic field B . The region of strong total field gradients correlates with where the detachment front location becomes less sensitive to control parameter variation. This result is qualitatively consistent with the predictions of a simple, analytic detachment location sensitivity (DLS) model (Lipschultz et al 2016 Nucl. Fusion 56 056007) which is based in a scaled parallel-to- B space, z . While the DLS model predictions are in agreement with SOLPS-ITER results in terms of where the front location becomes less sensitive to controls (i.e. in the region of strong parallel gradients in B ), the DLS model predicts a higher sensitivity in the region of weak parallel gradients in B downstream as compared to the simulation results. Potential sources of differences between the SOLPS-ITER and DLS model predictions were explored: The DLS model does not include energy sinks beyond radiation from a single impurity nor cross-field energy transport. Momentum and particle balance are also not included in the DLS model. The tight opening into the divertor for flux surfaces could lead to variations in plasma-neutral pressure balance as the detachment front reaches that region, exactly how this affects the front movement needs further investigation.
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