Antioxidant Activity of <i>Stryphnodendron rotundifolium</i> Mart. Stem Bark Fraction in an Iron Overload Model
Gerson Javier Torres Salazar,
Francisco Junio Dias,
Paulo Riceli Vasconcelos Ribeiro,
Edy Sousa de Brito,
Kirley Marques Canuto,
Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho,
Jaime Ribeiro-Filho,
Monica Gallo,
Domenico Montesano,
Daniele Naviglio,
Gokhan Zengin,
José Galberto Martins da Costa
Affiliations
Gerson Javier Torres Salazar
Postgraduate Program in Ethnobiology and Nature Conservation, Regional University of Cariri, Coronel Antônio Luíz Street, 1161-Pimenta, Crato 63105-010, Brazil
Francisco Junio Dias
Postgraduate Program in Ethnobiology and Nature Conservation, Regional University of Cariri, Coronel Antônio Luíz Street, 1161-Pimenta, Crato 63105-010, Brazil
Paulo Riceli Vasconcelos Ribeiro
Multi-User Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Embrapa Tropical Agroindustry, Sara Mesquita, no 2.270, Neighborhood Planalto do Pici, Fortaleza 60511-110, Brazil
Edy Sousa de Brito
Multi-User Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Embrapa Tropical Agroindustry, Sara Mesquita, no 2.270, Neighborhood Planalto do Pici, Fortaleza 60511-110, Brazil
Kirley Marques Canuto
Multi-User Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Embrapa Tropical Agroindustry, Sara Mesquita, no 2.270, Neighborhood Planalto do Pici, Fortaleza 60511-110, Brazil
Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Coronel Antônio Luíz Street, 1161-Pimenta, Crato 63105-010, Brazil
Jaime Ribeiro-Filho
Laboratory of Investigation in Genetics and Translational Hematology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute (IGM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Waldemar Falcão Street, 121, Candeal, Salvador 40296-710, Brazil
Monica Gallo
Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
Domenico Montesano
Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
Daniele Naviglio
Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
Gokhan Zengin
Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, 42130 Konya, Turkey
José Galberto Martins da Costa
Postgraduate Program in Ethnobiology and Nature Conservation, Regional University of Cariri, Coronel Antônio Luíz Street, 1161-Pimenta, Crato 63105-010, Brazil
Stryphnodendron rotundifolium Mart., popularly known as “barbatimão”, is a plant species traditionally used by topical and oral routes for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases. Considering the well-described antioxidant properties of this species, this study investigated the protective effects of its keto-aqueous extract using an in vitro model of iron overload. Phenolic compounds were quantified and identified by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with quadrupole Time-Of-Flight Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (UPLC–ESI-qTOF-MS/MS) in positive and negative ions mode analysis. Antioxidant activity was analyzed following the iron-chelating–reducing capacity and deoxyribose degradation (2-DR) protection methods. The analysis identified condensed tannins (54.8 mg catechin/g dry fraction (DF), polyphenols (25 mg gallic acid/g DF), and hydrolyzable tannins (28.8 mg tannic acid/g DF). Among the constituents, prodelphinidin, procyanidin, and prorobinetinidine were isolated and identified. The extract significantly protected 2-DR degradation induced by Fe2+ (72% protection) or •OH (43% protection). The ortho-phenanthroline test revealed Fe2+-chelating and Fe3+-reducing activities of 93% and 84%, respectively. A preliminary toxicological analysis using Artemia salina revealed mortality below 10%, at a concentration of 0.25 mg/mL, indicating low toxicity under the present experimental conditions. In conclusion, the findings of the present study indicate that Stryphnodendron rotundifolium is a source of antioxidant compounds with the potential to be used in drug development in the context of iron overload disorders, which remains to be further investigated in vivo.
