Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical (Oct 2010)
QUALITY OF RAW, EXTRUDED AND PARBOILED RICE BRAN QUALIDADE DE FARELOS DE ARROZ CRU, EXTRUSADO E PARBOILIZADO
Abstract
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;" lang="pt-BR" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Rice is the second most consumed cereal in the world, having reached a global production of 661.3 millions of tons, in 2008. Rice bran, resulted from grain milling to obtain white rice or polished parboiled rice, has significant amounts of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, soluble fiber, vitamins, and minerals. This study had the objective of evaluating some physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of raw rice bran (RRB), extruded rice bran (ERB), and parboiled rice bran (PRB). All the analyses were done according to standardized methods recommended by the Brazilian National Health Vigilance and International Association of Official Analytical Chemists. The PRB presented the highest contents of protein (17.17 g 100 g<sup>-1</sup>), lipids (36.03 g 100 g<sup>-1</sup>), dietary fiber (34.06 g 100 g<sup>-1</sup>), calcium (99.45 mg 100 g<sup>-1</sup>), zinc (15.58 mg 100 g<sup>-1</sup>), cupper (1.45 g 100 g<sup>-1</sup>), and manganese (17.81 g 100 g<sup>-1</sup>), and the lowest levels of carbohydrate (5.73 g 100 g<sup>-1</sup>), ash (7.01 g 100 g<sup>-1</sup>), potassium (507.55 mg 100 g<sup>-1</sup>), and iron (6.83 mg 100 g<sup>-1</sup>). All the rice bran samples showed <em>Aspergillus</em> sp. contamination, but ERB had the lowest colonies counting. All samples showed acceptable microbiological patterns for coliforms at 45ºC<em> </em>and<em> Bacillus cereus</em>, and<em> Salmonella </em>sp. absence, according to the Brazilian legislation. The RRB, ERB, and PRB have high nutritive value, being considered good sources of proteins, lipids, dietary fiber, and minerals.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;" lang="en-US" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">KEY-WORDS: <em>Oryza sativa </em>L.; macronutrients; minerals; fungi.</span></span></span></p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:DoNotOptimizeForBrowser /> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:DoNotOptimizeForBrowser /> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Wingdings; 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line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;" lang="pt-BR" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">O arroz é o segundo cereal de maior consumo no mundo, sendo a produção mundial estimada em 661,3 milhões de toneladas, em 2008. O farelo, resultante do beneficiamento do grão, para obtenção do arroz polido ou parboilizado polido, possui quantidades significativas de carboidratos, proteínas, lipídios, fibras insolúveis, vitaminas e minerais. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar algumas características físico-químicas e microbiológicas do farelo de arroz cru (FAC), do farelo cru submetido à extrusão (FAE) e do obtido após o processo de parboilização do arroz (FAP). Todas as análises foram realizadas conforme métodos recomendados pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária Brasileira e International Association of Official Analytical Chemists. O FAP apresentou maior teor de proteínas (17,17 g 100 g<sup>-1</sup>), lipídios (36,03 g 100 g<sup>-1</sup>), fibra alimentar (34,06 g 100 g<sup>-1</sup>), cálcio (99,45 mg 100 g<sup>-1</sup>), zinco (15,58 mg 100 g<sup>-1</sup>), cobre (1,45 g 100 g<sup>-1</sup>) e manganês (17,81 g 100 g<sup>-1</sup>) e menor teor de carboidratos (5,73 g 100 g<sup>-1</sup>), cinzas (7,01 g 100 g<sup>-1</sup>), potássio (507,55 mg 100 g<sup>-1</sup>) e ferro (6,83 mg 100 g<sup>-1</sup>). Em todos os farelos, foi detectada presença de <em>Aspergillus</em> sp., sendo que o FAE apresentou o menor número de colônias. Todos os farelos apresentaram padrões microbiológicos aceitáveis, para coliformes a 45ºC e<em> Bacillus cereus</em>,<em> </em>e<em> </em>ausência de<em> Salmonela </em>sp., conforme legislação brasileira. FAC, FAE e FAP possuem alto valor nutritivo, sendo fontes de proteínas, lipídios, fibra alimentar e minerais.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;" lang="pt-BR" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">PALAVRAS-CHAVE:<strong> </strong><em>Oryza sativa </em>L.; macronutrientes; minerais; fungos.</span></span></span></p>
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