مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بیرجند (Jun 2024)
Impact of resistance training and ketogenic diet on body composition factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
Background and Aims: The combination of resistance training (RT) with a ketogenic diet (KD) is acknowledged as an effective strategy to improve body composition. The present meta-analysis aimed to investigate the combined effect of RT and KD on body composition factors. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Magiran, and Scientific Information Database (SID) until March 2023 without limiting the year of publication. Meta-analysis was performed to investigate the combined effect of RT and KD on body composition. In order to calculate the effect size, weighted mean difference (WMD), and 95% confidence interval were calculated using fixed and random effect models. Results: A total of 20 studies with 544 adults were included in the present meta-analysis. The results indicated that RT and KD caused a significant decrease in body weight (BW) [-2.15 kg (CI: -3.27 to -1.03), P=0.001,], body fat percentage [-1.57% (CI: -2.53 to -0.61), P=0.001], compared to the control group in adults. While free fat mass (FFM) [-0.39 kg (CI: -1.17 to 0.37), P=0.3], and body mass index (BMI) were not significant [-0.34 kg/m2 (CI: -1.14 to 0.46), P=0.4]. Conclusion: The results of the present meta-analysis indicated that the KD, compared to the non-KD, had a beneficial effect on reducing BW and fat percentage in people who follow RT. However, the effects of KD combined with RT on increasing FFM were not observed. However, the results of this research regarding the effects of the combination of KD and RT on FFM changes are still challenging, and there is a need to increase the number of investigations in this field to provide a decisive conclusion to examine the combined effects of KD and RT on FFM.
