Sensors (Aug 2020)
Quantitative Long-Term Monitoring of the Circulating Gases in the KATRIN Experiment Using Raman Spectroscopy
- Max Aker,
- Konrad Altenmüller,
- Armen Beglarian,
- Jan Behrens,
- Anatoly Berlev,
- Uwe Besserer,
- Benedikt Bieringer,
- Klaus Blaum,
- Fabian Block,
- Beate Bornschein,
- Lutz Bornschein,
- Matthias Böttcher,
- Tim Brunst,
- Thomas C. Caldwell,
- Suren Chilingaryan,
- Wonqook Choi,
- Deseada D. Díaz Barrero,
- Karol Debowski,
- Marco Deffert,
- Martin Descher,
- Peter J. Doe,
- Otokar Dragoun,
- Guido Drexlin,
- Stephan Dyba,
- Frank Edzards,
- Klaus Eitel,
- Enrico Ellinger,
- Ralph Engel,
- Sanshiro Enomoto,
- Mariia Fedkevych,
- Arne Felden,
- Joseph F. Formaggio,
- Florian Fränkle,
- Gregg B. Franklin,
- Fabian Friedel,
- Alexander Fulst,
- Kevin Gauda,
- Woosik Gil,
- Ferenc Glück,
- Robin Größle,
- Rainer Gumbsheimer,
- Volker Hannen,
- Norman Haußmann,
- Klaus Helbing,
- Stephanie Hickford,
- Roman Hiller,
- David Hillesheimer,
- Dominic Hinz,
- Thomas Höhn,
- Thibaut Houdy,
- Anton Huber,
- Alexander Jansen,
- Christian Karl,
- Jonas Kellerer,
- Luke Kippenbrock,
- Manuel Klein,
- Christoph Köhler,
- Leonard Köllenberger,
- Andreas Kopmann,
- Marc Korzeczek,
- Alojz Kovalík,
- Bennet Krasch,
- Holger Krause,
- Luisa La Cascio,
- Thierry Lasserre,
- Thanh-Long Le,
- Ondřej Lebeda,
- Bjoern Lehnert,
- Alexey Lokhov,
- Moritz Machatschek,
- Emma Malcherek,
- Alexander Marsteller,
- Eric L. Martin,
- Matthias Meier,
- Christin Melzer,
- Susanne Mertens,
- Klaus Müller,
- Simon Niemes,
- Patrick Oelpmann,
- Alexander Osipowicz,
- Diana S. Parno,
- Alan W.P. Poon,
- Jose M. Lopez Poyato,
- Florian Priester,
- Oliver Rest,
- Marco Röllig,
- Carsten Röttele,
- R.G. Hamish Robertson,
- Caroline Rodenbeck,
- Milos Ryšavỳ,
- Rudolf Sack,
- Alejandro Saenz,
- Peter Schäfer,
- Anna Schaller (née Pollithy),
- Lutz Schimpf,
- Klaus Schlösser,
- Magnus Schlösser,
- Lisa Schlüter,
- Michael Schrank,
- Bruno Schulz,
- Michal Sefčík,
- Hendrik Seitz-Moskaliuk,
- Valérian Sibille,
- Daniel Siegmann,
- Martin Slezák,
- Felix Spanier,
- Markus Steidl,
- Michael Sturm,
- Menglei Sun,
- Helmut H. Telle,
- Larisa A. Thorne,
- Thomas Thümmler,
- Nikita Titov,
- Igor Tkachev,
- Drahoš Vénos,
- Kathrin Valerius,
- Ana P. Vizcaya Hernández,
- Marc Weber,
- Christian Weinheimer,
- Christiane Weiss,
- Stefan Welte,
- Jürgen Wendel,
- John F. Wilkerson,
- Joachim Wolf,
- Sascha Wüstling,
- Weiran Xu,
- Yung-Ruey Yen,
- Sergey Zadoroghny,
- Genrich Zeller
Affiliations
- Max Aker
- Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe (TLK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Konrad Altenmüller
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Armen Beglarian
- Institute for Data Processing and Electronics (IPE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Jan Behrens
- Institute of Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Anatoly Berlev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 60th October Anniversary Prospect 7a, 117312 Moscow, Russia
- Uwe Besserer
- Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe (TLK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Benedikt Bieringer
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 9, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Klaus Blaum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Fabian Block
- Institute of Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Beate Bornschein
- Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe (TLK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Lutz Bornschein
- Institute for Nuclear Physics (IKP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Matthias Böttcher
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 9, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Tim Brunst
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Thomas C. Caldwell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Suren Chilingaryan
- Institute for Data Processing and Electronics (IPE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Wonqook Choi
- Institute of Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Deseada D. Díaz Barrero
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Karol Debowski
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
- Marco Deffert
- Institute of Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Martin Descher
- Institute of Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Peter J. Doe
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Otokar Dragoun
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, v.v.i., CZ-250 68 Husinec—Řež, Czech Republic
- Guido Drexlin
- Institute of Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Stephan Dyba
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 9, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Frank Edzards
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Klaus Eitel
- Institute for Nuclear Physics (IKP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Enrico Ellinger
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
- Ralph Engel
- Institute for Nuclear Physics (IKP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Sanshiro Enomoto
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Mariia Fedkevych
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 9, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Arne Felden
- Institute for Nuclear Physics (IKP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Joseph F. Formaggio
- Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Florian Fränkle
- Institute for Nuclear Physics (IKP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Gregg B. Franklin
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Fabian Friedel
- Institute of Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Alexander Fulst
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 9, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Kevin Gauda
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 9, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Woosik Gil
- Institute for Nuclear Physics (IKP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Ferenc Glück
- Institute for Nuclear Physics (IKP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Robin Größle
- Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe (TLK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Rainer Gumbsheimer
- Institute for Nuclear Physics (IKP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Volker Hannen
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 9, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Norman Haußmann
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
- Klaus Helbing
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
- Stephanie Hickford
- Institute of Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Roman Hiller
- Institute of Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- David Hillesheimer
- Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe (TLK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Dominic Hinz
- Institute for Nuclear Physics (IKP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Thomas Höhn
- Institute for Nuclear Physics (IKP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Thibaut Houdy
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Anton Huber
- Institute of Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Alexander Jansen
- Institute for Nuclear Physics (IKP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Christian Karl
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Jonas Kellerer
- Institute of Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Luke Kippenbrock
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Manuel Klein
- Institute of Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Christoph Köhler
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Leonard Köllenberger
- Institute for Nuclear Physics (IKP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Andreas Kopmann
- Institute for Data Processing and Electronics (IPE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Marc Korzeczek
- Institute of Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Alojz Kovalík
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, v.v.i., CZ-250 68 Husinec—Řež, Czech Republic
- Bennet Krasch
- Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe (TLK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Holger Krause
- Institute for Nuclear Physics (IKP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Luisa La Cascio
- Institute of Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Thierry Lasserre
- IRFU (DPhP & APC), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Thanh-Long Le
- Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe (TLK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Ondřej Lebeda
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, v.v.i., CZ-250 68 Husinec—Řež, Czech Republic
- Bjoern Lehnert
- Institute for Nuclear and Particle Astrophysics and Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Alexey Lokhov
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 9, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Moritz Machatschek
- Institute of Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Emma Malcherek
- Institute for Nuclear Physics (IKP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Alexander Marsteller
- Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe (TLK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Eric L. Martin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Matthias Meier
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Christin Melzer
- Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe (TLK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Susanne Mertens
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Klaus Müller
- Institute for Nuclear Physics (IKP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Simon Niemes
- Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe (TLK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Patrick Oelpmann
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 9, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Alexander Osipowicz
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Applied Sciences (HFD) Fulda, Leipziger Str. 123, 36037 Fulda, Germany
- Diana S. Parno
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Alan W.P. Poon
- Institute for Nuclear and Particle Astrophysics and Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Jose M. Lopez Poyato
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Florian Priester
- Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe (TLK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Oliver Rest
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 9, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Marco Röllig
- Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe (TLK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Carsten Röttele
- Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe (TLK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- R.G. Hamish Robertson
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Caroline Rodenbeck
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 9, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Milos Ryšavỳ
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, v.v.i., CZ-250 68 Husinec—Řež, Czech Republic
- Rudolf Sack
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 9, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Alejandro Saenz
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Peter Schäfer
- Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe (TLK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Anna Schaller (née Pollithy)
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Lutz Schimpf
- Institute of Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Klaus Schlösser
- Institute for Nuclear Physics (IKP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Magnus Schlösser
- Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe (TLK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Lisa Schlüter
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Michael Schrank
- Institute for Nuclear Physics (IKP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Bruno Schulz
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Michal Sefčík
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, v.v.i., CZ-250 68 Husinec—Řež, Czech Republic
- Hendrik Seitz-Moskaliuk
- Institute of Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Valérian Sibille
- Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Daniel Siegmann
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Martin Slezák
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Felix Spanier
- Institute for Nuclear Physics (IKP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Markus Steidl
- Institute for Nuclear Physics (IKP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Michael Sturm
- Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe (TLK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Menglei Sun
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Helmut H. Telle
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Larisa A. Thorne
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Thomas Thümmler
- Institute for Nuclear Physics (IKP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Nikita Titov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 60th October Anniversary Prospect 7a, 117312 Moscow, Russia
- Igor Tkachev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 60th October Anniversary Prospect 7a, 117312 Moscow, Russia
- Drahoš Vénos
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, v.v.i., CZ-250 68 Husinec—Řež, Czech Republic
- Kathrin Valerius
- Institute for Nuclear Physics (IKP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Ana P. Vizcaya Hernández
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Marc Weber
- Institute for Data Processing and Electronics (IPE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Christian Weinheimer
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 9, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Christiane Weiss
- Project, Process, and Quality Management (PPQ), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Stefan Welte
- Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe (TLK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Jürgen Wendel
- Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe (TLK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- John F. Wilkerson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Joachim Wolf
- Institute of Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Sascha Wüstling
- Institute for Data Processing and Electronics (IPE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Weiran Xu
- Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Yung-Ruey Yen
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Sergey Zadoroghny
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 60th October Anniversary Prospect 7a, 117312 Moscow, Russia
- Genrich Zeller
- Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe (TLK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/s20174827
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 20,
no. 17
p. 4827
Abstract
The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment aims at measuring the effective electron neutrino mass with a sensitivity of 0.2 eV/c2, i.e., improving on previous measurements by an order of magnitude. Neutrino mass data taking with KATRIN commenced in early 2019, and after only a few weeks of data recording, analysis of these data showed the success of KATRIN, improving on the known neutrino mass limit by a factor of about two. This success very much could be ascribed to the fact that most of the system components met, or even surpassed, the required specifications during long-term operation. Here, we report on the performance of the laser Raman (LARA) monitoring system which provides continuous high-precision information on the gas composition injected into the experiment’s windowless gaseous tritium source (WGTS), specifically on its isotopic purity of tritium—one of the key parameters required in the derivation of the electron neutrino mass. The concentrations cx for all six hydrogen isotopologues were monitored simultaneously, with a measurement precision for individual components of the order 10−3 or better throughout the complete KATRIN data taking campaigns to date. From these, the tritium purity, εT, is derived with precision of −3 and trueness of −3, being within and surpassing the actual requirements for KATRIN, respectively.
Keywords
