Journal of Ottoman Legacy Studies (Mar 2021)
LEHÇE-İ OSMÂNÎ’DE MÜVELLED OLARAK NİTELENEN KELİMELER
Abstract
The dictionary of Ahmet Vefik Pasha named Lehçe-i Osmânî (LO) is known in the Ottoman Empire as the first dictionary that compiles the head words from Turkish words and describes their definitions in Turkish. Vefik Pasha succeeded in impressing his contemporary and follower dictionary writers in many ways with his dictionary, which includes many innovations for his period (Toparlı, 2000: VII; Akün, 2003: 128). One of these features is the word muvelled, which is used regularly when defining head words. As in many dictionaries, Vefik Pasha also gives some explanatory information before the definition of the word per item in his dictionary. One of them is that he uses the specifiers he calls ‘muvelled, kelime-i müvellede, lugat-i müvellede’ when deemed necessary. This study shows how Vefik Pasha contributed to the emergence of the muvelledât complex based on the structure in the original text and why he chose this naming; Especially by using LO's contemporary dictionaries, it has been tried to be analyzed. When interpreting the words that are pointed to be considered in the dictionary, we often refer to Kamus-ı Türki (1901); Other dictionaries of the same period were used in some places. In order to determine the existence and status of the words in Arabic, it was consulted to Kamusu'l-Muhit Translation (2013) and the Arabic-Turkish Dictionary (Mutçalı, 1995). Some of the evidence in the dictionary is medicine, physics, etc. are terms belonging to fields. The work named Lugat-ı Tıbbiye (1873) prepared by Cemiyet-i Tıbbiye-i Osmaniye and Dictionnaire Turc-Français (1883) written by Şemseddin Sami for the foreign-language equivalents of medical terms, especially French, became our main sources. Especially the last one is used for terms belonging to other fields. For this purpose, first of all, the referenced muvelled words in LO were compiled from the original text by making use of Paketli (2007) and the volume and page number and orthographies were recorded together. It can be seen more clearly that some words are written in different volumes with the same / different meanings, same / different ways: see. berkan / berḳan / birkan, Beşāret, entāri / ʿanterī etc. Later, these data were processed in the table in the Analysis section. In the review section, the transliteration alphabet was used only in the writing of headwords words. While definitions and explanations are written in the standard alphabet, ain and hamzas in some words are shown to avoid ambiguity. Vefik Pasha sometimes did not write the Shadda sign while he was writing; In the writing of these words, the spelling of Vefik Pasha is adhered to. Under the comment title, the Latin letter head word, root, derivatives and their equivalents in the foreign language are written in italics. It has been observed that the words examined in this way can be classified under four main headings: 1. Muvelled in terms of sound: The interpretation under this heading consists of words that enter OT from other languages but adapt to the phonetic structure of Turkish even a little or differ at the end of the phonological processes within the language. 2. Muvelled in terms of form: The statement under this heading consists of words that result from the operation of that language or other languages with the morphological possibilities without questioning whether any word taken from the source language complies with the rules of the source language. 3. Muvelled in terms of meaning: The interpretation under this heading consists of words that are completely independent of their meaning in the source language or have different meaning content or have undergone intra-linguistic meaning change. 4. Muvelled in terms of orthography: Consists of words with spelling styles that go beyond the general acceptance of the writing of statements under this heading. We can express the results we obtained as a result of the examination as follows: The Arabic infinitive suffix / iyye (t) /, with its function corresponding to the Turkish + lIk suffix, has been widely used in the derivation of new words, regardless of their Arabic origin. However, we can say that the suffix / iyye (t) / is perceived as a Turkish suffix by the Turks and is also used in the derivation of many new Turkish words with figure sampling. Similarly, tef tîl, tefeʿʿul, mufaʿʿal, istifʿâl etc. It is seen that the meter is used like Turkish in deriving a new term. In this respect, the ability to use the possibilities of Arabic language in accordance with Turkish grammar when the need to mark a new concept, produced or imported from abroad, stands out. This situation has consequences that will also affect our view on the galleries, who are often in an affirmation. Because if evaluated as we tried to express above, it can be seen that a word that can be named as Galata according to the Arabic rule does not have a defect as the product of Turkish thought. When looking at pure LO, it is not understood why many item headings are qualified as muvelled. Vefik Pasha must have thought that these were already known. This situation stands out as one of the flaws in the internal order of the dictionary. As a matter of fact, it has been observed that Şemseddin Sami, who is considered the most important follower of Vefik Pasha, filled such gaps by making the necessary explanations in his dictionary: see. ictisār, muṣaʿad, reftiyye, tamamiyet, temhir, tetahhul, zıddiyyet, etc. Since lexicography is also a job of evolving the previous one, it is necessary to draw attention to the contribution of Şemseddin Sami in this direction. The mentioned words that are rarely referred to as müvelled from the source language or intermediary language; Although it was also used in OT, it mostly gained the ability to manage the possibilities of Arabic and Persian, and found a use area as a product of the language / thought activity of the Ottoman Turkish. The recognition and reception of the concept world that emerged with the advances in different disciplines especially in the 19th century by the Ottoman intellectual brought along a process of word derivation peculiar to OT. The citations of branches of science such as medicine, physics, botany, and anatomy are among the most prominent evidences of this.
Keywords
