Differentiation and Changes of Household Electricity Prices in EU Countries
Tomasz Rokicki,
Piotr Bórawski,
Barbara Gradziuk,
Piotr Gradziuk,
Aldona Mrówczyńska-Kamińska,
Joanna Kozak,
Danuta Jolanta Guzal-Dec,
Kamil Wojtczuk
Affiliations
Tomasz Rokicki
Institute of Economics and Finance, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
Piotr Bórawski
Department of Agrotechnology, Agricultural Production Management and Agribusiness, Faculty of Land Management and Agriculture, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
Barbara Gradziuk
Department of Management and Marketing, Faculty of Agrobioengineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
Piotr Gradziuk
Polish Academy of Sciences Institute of Rural and Agricultural Development, 00-330 Warsaw, Poland
Aldona Mrówczyńska-Kamińska
Department of Economics and Economic Policy in Agribusiness, Faculty of Economics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
Joanna Kozak
Department of Economics and Economic Policy in Agribusiness, Faculty of Economics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
Danuta Jolanta Guzal-Dec
Department of Economy, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Pope John Paul II State School of Higher Education, Sidorska 95/97, 21-500 Biała Podlaska, Poland
Kamil Wojtczuk
GazTank Małgorzata Wojtczuk, ul. Mickiewicza 17A, 05-816 Michałowice, Poland
The paper’s main purpose is to identify the differentiation and variation of electricity prices for households in EU countries. The specific objectives are to highlight the directions and differentiation of price changes in EU states, determine the degree of volatility (or stability) of electricity rates, and establish the correlation between electricity prices for household consumers and economic and energy parameters. All members of the European Union were chosen for this project as of 31 December 2019 (28 countries). The analyzed period covered the years 2008–2019. The source of collected information was the thematic literature review and the data from Eurostat. Descriptive, tabular and graphical methods, constant-based dynamics indicators, coefficient of variation, Kendall’s tau correlation coefficient, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were used to analyze and present the materials. It was determined that higher electricity prices for households in the EU states were associated with better economic parameters. Developed countries must have higher energy rates because they will ensure energy transformation, i.e., implementing energy-saving technologies. In the EU, electricity prices for household consumers showed little volatility, but that variability increased in line with the surge of the volume of household energy consumption.
