Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease (Nov 2021)

Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion for Stroke Prevention in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation

  • Fareed Moses S. Collado,
  • Claudia M. Lama von Buchwald,
  • Christina K. Anderson,
  • Nidhi Madan,
  • Hussam S. Suradi,
  • Henry D. Huang,
  • Hani Jneid,
  • Clifford J. Kavinsky

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.121.022274
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 10, no. 21

Abstract

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The majority of embolic strokes in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation are caused by thrombi in the left atrial appendage. It is projected that strokes related to atrial fibrillation will markedly increase in the future unless effective mitigation strategies are implemented. Systemic anticoagulation has been known to be highly effective in reducing stroke risk in patients with atrial fibrillation. However, bleeding complications and nonadherence are barriers to effective anticoagulation therapy. Surgical and percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion devices are nonpharmacologic strategies to mitigate the challenges of drug therapy. We present a contemporary review of left atrial appendage occlusion for stroke prevention in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. A thorough review of the history of surgical and percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion devices, recent trials, and US Food and Drug Administration milestones of current left atrial appendage occlusion devices are discussed.

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