Jurnal Gizi Indonesia: The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition (Dec 2024)

Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on serum 25 (OH)D Levels, hand grip strength, blood sugar levels, and cognitive function in the elderly

  • Enny Probosari,
  • Hertanto Wahyu Subagio,
  • Tri Indah Winarni,
  • Heri Nugroho,
  • Nurul Ratna Mutu Manikam

DOI
https://doi.org/10.14710/jgi.13.1.79-87
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 13, no. 1
pp. 79 – 87

Abstract

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ABSTRACT Background: The aging process in the elderly can be caused by a decrease in vitamin D precursors and reduced Vitamin D levels due to impaired absorption of Vitamin D. Vitamin D plays a role in cognitive function, acts as an immunomodulator affecting blood glucose levels, promotes muscle atrophy, and affects the intranuclear VDR concentration and gene expression of VDR. Objectives: To determine the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on Serum 25(OH)D levels, hand grip strength, blood sugar levels, and cognitive function in the elderly. Materials and Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental pre-posttest control group design with a total of 60 subjects included and divided into two groups. The treatment group received vitamin D3 at a dosage of 1000 IU/day for three months, while the control group was given a placebo. Blood serum levels were used to obtained serum 25(OH)D and blood sugar level. Hand grip strength values were measured by a hand grip dynamometer, and cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) Questionnaire. The data was analyzed using the Wilcoxon test, and the bivariate analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test. Results: Most subjects were between 60 and 92 years old and had a vitamin D deficiency. Significant (P<0,05) differences were observed in serum 25(OH)D levels, blood sugar levels, and cognitive function following the intervention. The differences in serum 25(OH)D levels were 8,50±6,17, blood sugar levels were -21,68±25,88, and cognitive function was 2,23±3,05. Additionally, hand grip strength increased after the intervention (mean=0,42±4,66) but was not statistically significant (P=0,633). Conclusion: There is an improvement in cognitive function and a decrease in blood glucose levels, along with an increase in 25(OH)D levels after three months of vitamin D supplementation. However, hand grip strength did not significantly increase after supplementation. Keywords: Vitamin D3 Supplementation; serum 25(OH)D; hand grip strength; blood sugar level; cognitive function; elderly.

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