The Astrophysical Journal Letters (Jan 2023)
PHANGS–JWST First Results: Stellar-feedback-driven Excitation and Dissociation of Molecular Gas in the Starburst Ring of NGC 1365?
- Daizhong Liu,
- Eva Schinnerer,
- Yixian Cao,
- Adam Leroy,
- Antonio Usero,
- Erik Rosolowsky,
- J. M. Diederik Kruijssen,
- Mélanie Chevance,
- Simon C. O. Glover,
- Mattia C. Sormani,
- Alberto D. Bolatto,
- Jiayi Sun,
- Sophia K. Stuber,
- Yu-Hsuan Teng,
- Frank Bigiel,
- Ivana Bešlić,
- Kathryn Grasha,
- Jonathan D. Henshaw,
- Ashley T. Barnes,
- Jakob S. den Brok,
- Toshiki Saito,
- Daniel A. Dale,
- Elizabeth J. Watkins,
- Hsi-An Pan,
- Ralf S. Klessen,
- Eric Emsellem,
- Gagandeep S. Anand,
- Sinan Deger,
- Oleg V. Egorov,
- Christopher M. Faesi,
- Hamid Hassani,
- Kirsten L. Larson,
- Janice C. Lee,
- Laura A. Lopez,
- Jérôme Pety,
- Karin Sandstrom,
- David A. Thilker,
- Bradley C. Whitmore,
- Thomas G. Williams
Affiliations
- Daizhong Liu
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE) , Giessenbachstr. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany ; [email protected], [email protected]
- Eva Schinnerer
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yixian Cao
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE) , Giessenbachstr. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany ; [email protected], [email protected]
- Adam Leroy
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University , 140 West 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Antonio Usero
- ORCiD
- Observatorio Astronómico Nacional (IGN) , C/Alfonso XII, 3, E-28014 Madrid, Spain
- Erik Rosolowsky
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
- J. M. Diederik Kruijssen
- ORCiD
- Cosmic Origins Of Life (COOL) Research DAO36
- Mélanie Chevance
- ORCiD
- Cosmic Origins Of Life (COOL) Research DAO36; Zentrum für Astronomie, Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik, Universität Heidelberg , Albert-Ueberle-Str 2, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Simon C. O. Glover
- ORCiD
- Zentrum für Astronomie, Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik, Universität Heidelberg , Albert-Ueberle-Str 2, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Mattia C. Sormani
- ORCiD
- Zentrum für Astronomie, Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik, Universität Heidelberg , Albert-Ueberle-Str 2, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Alberto D. Bolatto
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Joint Space-Science Institute, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Jiayi Sun
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M1, Canada; Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics (CITA), University of Toronto , 60 St George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H8, Canada
- Sophia K. Stuber
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yu-Hsuan Teng
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Frank Bigiel
- ORCiD
- Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn , Auf dem Hügel 71, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- Ivana Bešlić
- ORCiD
- Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn , Auf dem Hügel 71, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- Kathryn Grasha
- ORCiD
- Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University , Canberra, ACT 2611, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D) , Australia
- Jonathan D. Henshaw
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University , 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK
- Ashley T. Barnes
- ORCiD
- Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn , Auf dem Hügel 71, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- Jakob S. den Brok
- ORCiD
- Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn , Auf dem Hügel 71, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- Toshiki Saito
- ORCiD
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8588, Japan
- Daniel A. Dale
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wyoming , Laramie, WY 82071, USA
- Elizabeth J. Watkins
- ORCiD
- Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg , Mönchhofstraße 12-14, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Hsi-An Pan
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University , No.151, Yingzhuan Road, Tamsui District, New Taipei City 251301, Taiwan
- Ralf S. Klessen
- ORCiD
- Zentrum für Astronomie, Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik, Universität Heidelberg , Albert-Ueberle-Str 2, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen, Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Eric Emsellem
- ORCiD
- European Southern Observatory , Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany; Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon1 , ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon UMR5574, F-69230 Saint-Genis-Laval, France
- Gagandeep S. Anand
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Sinan Deger
- ORCiD
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Department of Physics, Stockholm University , AlbaNova, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden
- Oleg V. Egorov
- ORCiD
- Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg , Mönchhofstraße 12-14, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Christopher M. Faesi
- ORCiD
- University of Massachusetts-Amherst , 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Hamid Hassani
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
- Kirsten L. Larson
- ORCiD
- AURA for the European Space Agency (ESA), Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Janice C. Lee
- ORCiD
- Gemini Observatory/NSF’s NOIRLab , 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; Caltech/IPAC, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Laura A. Lopez
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University , 140 West 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics , 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Flatiron Institute , Center for Computational Astrophysics, NY 10010, USA
- Jérôme Pety
- ORCiD
- IRAM, 300 rue de la Piscine, F-38400 Saint Martin d’Hères, France; LERMA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University , CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, 75014 Paris, France
- Karin Sandstrom
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- David A. Thilker
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Bradley C. Whitmore
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Thomas G. Williams
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Sub-department of Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3RH, UK
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aca973
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 944,
no. 2
p. L19
Abstract
We compare embedded young massive star clusters (YMCs) to (sub-)millimeter line observations tracing the excitation and dissociation of molecular gas in the starburst ring of NGC 1365. This galaxy hosts one of the strongest nuclear starbursts and richest populations of YMCs within 20 Mpc. Here we combine near-/mid-IR PHANGS–JWST imaging with new Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array multi- J CO (1–0, 2–1 and 4–3) and [ C i ] (1–0) mapping, which we use to trace CO excitation via R _42 = I _CO(4−3) / I _CO(2−1) and R _21 = I _CO(2−1) / I _CO(1−0) and dissociation via R _CICO = I _[CI](1−0) / I _CO(2−1) at 330 pc resolution. We find that the gas flowing into the starburst ring from northeast to southwest appears strongly affected by stellar feedback, showing decreased excitation (lower R _42 ) and increased signatures of dissociation (higher R _CICO ) in the downstream regions. There, radiative-transfer modeling suggests that the molecular gas density decreases and temperature and [CI/CO] abundance ratio increase. We compare R _42 and R _CICO with local conditions across the regions and find that both correlate with near-IR 2 μ m emission tracing the YMCs and with both polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (11.3 μ m) and dust continuum (21 μ m) emission. In general, R _CICO exhibits ∼0.1 dex tighter correlations than R _42 , suggesting C i to be a more sensitive tracer of changing physical conditions in the NGC 1365 starburst than CO (4–3). Our results are consistent with a scenario where gas flows into the two arm regions along the bar, becomes condensed/shocked, forms YMCs, and then these YMCs heat and dissociate the gas.
Keywords
- Interstellar medium
- Molecular gas
- Young massive clusters
- Stellar feedback
- Starburst galaxies
- Interstellar line emission
