Ocular disorders in Parkinson’s disease: A review

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common degenerative disorder characterized by decreased dopamine levels from damage to the substantia nigra causing classic motor deficits. Several ocular deficits have been recognized in association with PD such as oculomotor disturbances and diplopia, glaucoma and visual field loss, dry eye disease, color and contrast impairment, visual hallucinations, and visuospatial and visuoperceptual impairments. These disorders remain underreported, underrecognized, and poorly understood. Patients with PD are largely dependent on visual cues for compensating the motor deficits. Hence, early recognition and timely management of the above ocular disorders can lead to greater patient safety, independence, and a better quality of life.

Keywords

• color vision
• diplopia
• dry eyes
• glaucoma
• parkinson’s disease
• visual hallucinations
• visuoperceptual
• visuospatial