International Journal of COPD (Jun 2020)

Food Pyramid for Subjects with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases

  • Rondanelli M,
  • Faliva MA,
  • Peroni G,
  • Infantino V,
  • Gasparri C,
  • Iannello G,
  • Perna S,
  • Alalwan TA,
  • Al-Thawadi S,
  • Corsico AG

Journal volume & issue
Vol. Volume 15
pp. 1435 – 1448

Abstract

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Mariangela Rondanelli,1,2 Milena Anna Faliva,3 Gabriella Peroni,3 Vittoria Infantino,2 Clara Gasparri,3 Giancarlo Iannello,4 Simone Perna,5 Tariq AbdulKarim Alalwan,5 Salwa Al-Thawadi,5 Angelo Guido Corsico6,7 1IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia 27100, Italy; 2Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Human and Clinical Nutrition, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy; 3Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy; 4General Management, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, Pavia 27100, Italy; 5Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir 32038, Bahrain; 6Center for Diagnosis of Inherited Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy; 7Division of Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia 27100, ItalyCorrespondence: Gabriella PeroniEndocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy, Tel +39 0382381739Fax +39 0382381218Email [email protected]: Nutritional problems are an important part of rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. COPD patients often present with malnutrition, sarcopenia, and osteoporosis with possible onset of cachexia, with an inadequate dietary intake and a poor quality of life. Moreover, diet plays a pivotal role in patients with COPD through three mechanisms: regulation of carbon dioxide produced/oxygen consumed, inflammation, and oxidative stress. A narrative review based on 99 eligible studies was performed to evaluate current evidence regarding optimum diet therapy for the management of COPD, and then a food pyramid was built accordingly. The food pyramid proposal will serve to guide energy and dietary intake in order to prevent and treat nutritionally related COPD complications and to manage progression and COPD-related symptoms. The nutrition pyramid described in our narrative review is hypothetical, even in light of several limitations of the present review; the main limitation is the fact that to date there are no randomized controlled trials in the literature clearly showing that improved nutrition, via the regulation of carbon dioxide produced/oxygen consumed, inflammation and oxidative stress, improves symptoms and/or progression of COPD. Even if this nutritional pyramid is hypothetical, we hope that it can serve the valuable purpose of helping researchers focus on the often-ignored possible connections between body composition, nutrition, and COPD.Keywords: COPD, nutrients, inflammation, fat free mass, antioxidants, gas exchanges

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