Machines (May 2023)
An Improved Automation System for Destructive and Visual Measurements of Cross-Sectional Geometric Parameters of Microdrills
Abstract
Microdrills are specific cutting tools widely used to drill microholes and microvias. For certain microdrill manufacturers, a conventional sampling inspection procedure is still manually operated for carrying out the destructive and visual measurements of two essential cross-sectional geometric parameters (CSGPs), called the cross-sectional web thickness (CSWT) and the cross-sectional outer diameter (CSOD), of their straight (ST) and undercut (UC) type microdrill products. In order to comprehensively automate the conventional sampling inspection procedure, a destructive and visual measuring system improved from an existing vision-aided automation system, for both the hardware and the automated measuring process (AMP), is presented in this paper. The major improvement of the hardware is characterized by a machine vision module consisting of several conventional machine vision components in combination with an innovative and lower cost optical subset formed by a set of plano-concave achromatic (PCA) lenses and a reflection mirror, so that the essential functions of visually positioning the drilltip and visually measuring the CSGPs can both be achieved via the use of merely one machine vision module. The major improvement of the AMP is characterized by the establishment of specific image processing operations for an auto-focusing (AF) sub-process based on two-dimensional discrete Fourier transform (2D-DFT), for a web thickness measuring (WTM) sub-process based on an iterative least-square (LS) circle-fitting approach, and for an outer diameter measuring (ODM) sub-process based on integrated applications of an iterative LS circle-fitting approach and an LS line-fitting-based group-dividing approach, respectively. Experiments for measuring the CSGPs of microdrill samples were conducted to evaluate the actual effectiveness of the developed system. It showed that the developed system could achieve good repeatability and accuracy for the measurements of the CSWTs and CSODs of both ST and UC type microdrills. Therefore, the developed system could effectively and comprehensively automate the conventional sampling inspection procedure.
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