Intranasal Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Immunization with Lipid Adjuvants Provides Systemic and Mucosal Immune Response against SARS-CoV-2 S1 Spike and Nucleocapsid Protein
Anirban Sengupta,
Mohammad Azharuddin,
Maria E. Cardona,
Claudia Devito,
Eleanore von Castelmur,
Anna Wehlin,
Zuzanna Pietras,
Maria Sunnerhagen,
Robert Selegård,
Daniel Aili,
Ali Alamer,
Jorma Hinkula,
Noha Al-Otaibi
Affiliations
Anirban Sengupta
Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
Mohammad Azharuddin
Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
Maria E. Cardona
Laboratory of Molecular Materials, Division of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, IFM, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
Claudia Devito
Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
Eleanore von Castelmur
Laboratory of Molecular Materials, Division of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, IFM, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
Anna Wehlin
Laboratory of Molecular Materials, Division of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, IFM, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
Zuzanna Pietras
Laboratory of Molecular Materials, Division of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, IFM, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
Maria Sunnerhagen
Laboratory of Molecular Materials, Division of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, IFM, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
Robert Selegård
Laboratory of Molecular Materials, Division of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, IFM, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
Daniel Aili
Laboratory of Molecular Materials, Division of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, IFM, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
Ali Alamer
King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyad 11442, Saudi Arabia
Jorma Hinkula
Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
Noha Al-Otaibi
King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyad 11442, Saudi Arabia
In this preclinical two-dose mucosal immunization study, using a combination of S1 spike and nucleocapsid proteins with cationic (N3)/or anionic (L3) lipids were investigated using an intranasal delivery route. The study showed that nasal administration of low amounts of antigens/adjuvants induced a primary and secondary immune response in systemic IgG, mIL-5, and IFN-gamma secreting T lymphocytes, as well as humoral IgA in nasal and intestinal mucosal compartments. It is believed that recipients will benefit from receiving a combination of viral antigens in promoting a border immune response against present and evolving contagious viruses. Lipid adjuvants demonstrated an enhanced response in the vaccine effect. This was seen in the significant immunogenicity effect when using the cationic lipid N3. Unlike L3, which showed a recognizable effect when administrated at a slightly higher concentration. Moreover, the findings of the study proved the efficiency of an intranasally mucosal immunization strategy, which can be less painful and more effective in enhancing the respiratory tract immunity against respiratory infectious diseases.
