مجلة جامعة الأنبار للعلوم الإنسانية (Sep 2024)
The position of the Abbasid Caliphate concerning the intellectual deviation
Abstract
Objectives: This research investigates the most important efforts made by the Abbasid Caliphs against the people of innovation and deviation. They had successful efforts throughout the Abbasid era to eliminate the deviants and prevent them from carrying out their activities. The current research also aimed to investigate how the deviants had worked to undermine the Abbasid authority and the Islamic religion, and how they exaggerated in their words about religion and began to spread their deviant ideas and beliefs in an attempt to restore their glory and ancient authority. It also aimed to shed light on how the Abbasid caliphs face their danger, limit their influence, and eliminate some of their leaders. Methodology: To achieve the objectives of this study, the researchers adopted the historical descriptive approach when presenting the position of the Abbasid Caliphate on intellectual deviation, represented by the position of the Abbasid Caliphs against the intellectual deviation that appeared clearly in the Abbasid era by referring to specialized historical sources and references, dealing accurately while employing those sources to reach the most accurate information and clarify the position of the Abbasid Caliphate on those deviations.Results: The study showed many important results that were obtained during the research period, perhaps the most prominent of which are the following:1- The Abbasid era witnessed dangerous deviant intellectual movements carried out by the enemies of Islam to undermine Arabism and Islamic culture and strike the authority of the Arabs, by entering the ranks of Islamic sects and inclining them towards intellectual deviation.2- The Abbasid Caliphs worked to make efforts to eliminate them and work to cut off their continuous movements throughout the Abbasid era.3- Ending the issue of saying that the Qur’an was created, through the successful4- The Abbasid sultans had similar efforts to the efforts of the caliphs to eliminate heresies and deviations by the Ghaznavid and Seljuk sultans and Sultan Salahuddin Al-Ayyubi.Conclusion: The study recommends the necessity of emphasizing on researchers to study intellectual deviations in depth and to know the reasons that led to their emergence, who is behind them and the goals they seek to achieve. It also recommend to work on refuting the claims and falsehoods of those movements and rejecting their ideas that are foreign to Islamic society.
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