Strategic Grid Integration of Renewable Using Electric Vehicles for Smart Cities Stability

Abstract

This review article delves into the strategic integration of renewable energy sources within smart cities, emphasizing the role of electric vehicles (EVs) in ensuring stability. Smart cities, at the forefront of sustainable urban development, prioritize energy systems that are both clean and renewable. The integration of various renewable energy resources, including solar, wind, geothermal, hydropower, ocean, and biofuels, into the energy systems of smart cities is explored, considering both technical and economic aspects. The rapid adoption of these technologies provides a foundation for a low-carbon economy, ensuring a cleaner and more sustainable urban environment. However, challenges persist, particularly in optimizing energy systems for renewable integration, stability, operational range, and cost-effectiveness. Additionally, the evolution of smart cities has brought forth advanced energy conservation systems, addressing energy management at both building and city levels. Innovative solutions, such as advanced infrastructure and energy trading strategies in distributed systems, are proposed. The role of EVs in the smart grid is also highlighted, addressing challenges posed by renewable energy’s intermittent output. The potential of EVs to counteract these fluctuations, especially under the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) framework, is discussed, offering insights into future research avenues for a harmonious and sustainable energy ecosystem in smart cities.