Trends in the prevalence of hypertension according to severity and phenotype in Chinese adults over two decades (1991‐2015)

Abstract

Abstract Until recently, few studies have reported the secular trend and associated factors of hypertension severities and phenotypes in China. In this study, the authors aimed to assess the trend in the prevalence of hypertension according to severity and phenotype in Chinese adults from 1991 to 2015 and to explore potential cardiometabolic factors. From the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), the authors included 164 682 records of adults (≥18 years). The prevalence of hypertension by severity (stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension) and by phenotype (isolated systolic hypertension [ISH], isolated diastolic hypertension [IDH], and systolic‐diastolic hypertension [SDH]), during 1991‐2015 was explored. The potential effects of demographic, socioeconomic, geographic, and cardiometabolic factors on hypertension severities and phenotypes were assessed by multivariable logistic regression. During 1991‐2015, the overall prevalence of hypertension increased dramatically from 15.7% to 23.3%. For stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension, the age‐standardized prevalence increased from 10.1% to 15.6% and from 5.5% to 7.4%, respectively. For ISH and SDH, the age‐standardized prevalence rates rose from 3.6% to 6.4% and from 6.9% to 10.4%, respectively. Advanced age and medium/high urbanization were positively associated factors, whereas females, higher educational attainments, and residing in Southern China were negatively associated factors. Additionally, general obesity, central obesity, diabetes, and elevated triglyceride levels were linked to ISH, IDH, and SDH. The present study documents an increasing trend in the prevalence of hypertension, including different severities and phenotypes, among Chinese adults over more than two decades. Efforts for the prevention and management of hypertension are in urgent need in China.

Keywords

• cardiometabolic risk
• Chinese adults
• hypertension
• phenotypes
• severity