Duration-based or time-based congestion toll pricing?

Abstract

Pricing and traffic rationing have become popular and economically viable ways to reduce traffic congestion in major cities' central business districts (CBDs). Time-based and duration-based pricing rules affect travel behavior in Tehran, Iran's capital. To figure out the consequences, 1388 congestion pricing zone and 983 odd-even traffic rationing zone travelers were surveyed in 2018–2019. The stated preference survey and error component logit model modeled trip variations in modal shift, route choice, and time of travel in a day. A generalized mixed logit model examined mode choice behavior using revealed and stated preferences. The error component logit model suggests that the duration-based scenario will lead to a modal shift, trip alteration, and trip cancellation, whereas the time-based scenario will change the time or destination. A generalized mixed logit model and revealed and stated preference data imply that duration-based pricing is more successful than time-based pricing in shifting private vehicle trips to other modes. Also, results show public transit is the most common demand deviation, and the time-based scenario is more successful than the duration-based scenario. The mode shift to Snap is lower than other transport modes in both scenarios, suggesting that on-demand ride-hailing is a less vital competitor in zones.

Keywords

• congestion pricing
• odd-even scheme
• travel behavior
• mode choice
• generalized mixed logit model
• error component logit model