Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics (Mar 2021)

Human papillomavirus prevalence, genomic diversity and related risk factors in HIV-positive women from a countryside city in the state of Rio de Janeiro

  • Charbell Miguel Haddad Kury,
  • Katia Cristina Da Silva Santos,
  • Fernanda Nahoum Carestiato,
  • Gabriela Rapozo,
  • Cinthia Guimaraes Leandro,
  • Lorena Abreu Fernandes,
  • Paulo Ricardo Telles Silva,
  • Mauro Romero Leal Passos,
  • Oswaldo Gonçalves Cruz,
  • Silvia Maria Baeta Cavalcanti

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2020.1799666
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 17, no. 3
pp. 838 – 844

Abstract

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause genital warts and HPV-related cancer.People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)are more symptomatic for HPV infections.Campos dos Goytacazes,a municipality of Rio de Janeiro,introduced the quadrivalent HPV vaccine (4vHPV)for HIV-positive women four years before initiation of a public vaccination program.This study analyzed the prevalence of HPV infection in HIV-positive women and the variables associated with infectionTwo groups were evaluated:group 1,with Pap smear and HPV-negative polymerase chain reaction (PCR);group 2, individuals with at least one positive result for HPV in PCR or pap smear.PCR was performed in endocervical samples using generic primers, and the LCD-Array Kit was used for genotyping.Univariate and multivariate analyzes were performed.Results in 109 women (Group 1 n = 70; group 2 n = 39)showed an overall HPV prevalence of 36%.Results also showed that 88% (n = 23) and 96% (n = 25)of typed viruses (total of typed viruses n = 26)were included in 4vHPV and 9vHPV (nonavalent HPV),respectively.In univariate analysis,age less than 45 years, a high number of sexual partners,and HIV-viral load were risk factors for infection.However, a CD4 indicator was associated with protection.Although HIV infection is generally related to multiple and rare types of HPV,this study showed that a vast majority of the HPV types found are included in 4vHPV.Considering that age less than 45 years is a risk factor, the use of 4vHPV in Brazil should be extended in the public vaccination program to HIV seropositive women up to age 45 years

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