Simulation and fabrication of in vitro microfluidic microelectrode array chip for patterned culture and electrophysiological detection of neurons

Abstract

To enable the detection and modulation of modularized neural networks in vitro, this study proposes a microfluidic microelectrode array chip for the cultivation, compartmentalization, and control of neural cells. The chip was designed based on the specific structure of neurons and the requirements for detection and modulation. Finite-element analysis of the chip’s flow field was conducted using the COMSOL Multiphysics software, and the simulation results show that the liquid within the chip can flow smoothly, ensuring stable flow fields that facilitate the uniform growth of neurons within the microfluidic channels. By employing MEMS technology in combination with nanomaterial modification techniques, the microfluidic microelectrode array chip was fabricated successfully. Primary hippocampal neurons were cultured on the chip, forming a well-defined neural network. Spontaneous electrical activity of the detected neurons was recorded, exhibiting a 23.7% increase in amplitude compared to neuronal discharges detected on an open-field microelectrode array. This study provides a platform for the precise detection and modulation of patterned neuronal growth in vitro, potentially serving as a novel tool in neuroscience research.