Nuclear Fusion (Jan 2024)
Divertor enrichment of recycling impurity species (He, N2, Ne, Ar, Kr) in ASDEX Upgrade H-modes
Abstract
Particle balance calculations are done for the seeding species N _2 , Ne, Ar, Kr as well as He with the aim of obtaining a realistic description of the divertor and core plasma impurity content. Experimental time traces of main plasma impurity densities are fitted by a single, time-independent parameter v $_{z,\textrm{in}}^\textrm{eff}$ . This parameter represents the product of the impurity inward pinch in the pedestal, used for the description of gross fueling here, and the enrichment factor between the sub-divertor gas reservoir and the upstream separatrix. v $_{z,\textrm{in}}^\textrm{eff}$ depends strongly on the first ionization energy as well as on the charge Z or mass of the impurity. The prevailing dependence of the enrichment values on the ionization energy suggests the importance of the relative impurity and deuterium ionization lengths in the divertor. Regression analysis of v $_{z,\textrm{in}}^\textrm{eff}$ yields an expression for the impurity concentrations in the core and the divertor of ASDEX Upgrade which allows the prediction of the corresponding impurity densities and their divertor enrichment within a factor of 2 with only engineering parameters as input. A simple wall model has been introduced to take into account wall storage and release of impurities, e.g. for conditions of pre-loaded walls due to seeding in previous discharges. Wall effects are observed for all species considered, but wall storage turns out to be more important for N and He compared to Ne, Ar, Kr. Similar enrichment values are obtained for ELMy H-modes and EDA/QCE no-ELM regimes. A factor of approximately 1.4 reduction in enrichment is observed for divertor conditions for pronounced detachment with Ar and N _2 . The obtained analytical model for the core and sub-divertor impurity densities is well suited for integration into a discharge flight simulator or a real time state observer.
Keywords
