Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in cardiology

Abstract

Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA): eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) - have some important biological effects that can be used in cardiology. Long-chain omega-3 PUFA intake, in the dose of 3-4 g/d and more, decrease hypertriglyceridemia, thrombogenesis, inflammatory and immune processes, and vascular tonus. Free EPA and DHA act as structural components of cell membranes; they modify –inhibit trans-membrane ion channels; demonstrate antiarrhythmic effects; increase heart rate variability. In GISSI-Prevenzione study, among patients taking omega-3 PUFA, the incidence of combined end-point (total mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke (S)) was lower than that in placebo group, by 15-16% (Р=0.02). Cardiovascular death risk, plus nonfatal MI and S risk, was also lower, comparing to placebo group (-20-21%; Р=0.006). The risk reduction was maximal (-45%; Р=0.0006) for sudden death; its risk was decreased as early as after 4 months of treatment.

Keywords

• omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
• eicosapentaenoic acid
• docosahexaenoic acid
• omacor