Behavioural and ecological data on Dryudella stigma (Panzer, 1809) (Hymenoptera, Astatidae) with the first description of the mature larva

Abstract

Data on the bionomics of Dryudella stigma (Panzer, 1809) in Poland are presented. The larva is described for the first time for a European Dryudella, and second in the world with only larva of D. immigrans described before. The egg stage lasts 2–3 days, and the larval stage 11–14 days. The praepupal stage lasts the longest time and overwinters in a cocoon from mid-July to the end of May. The female provisions with an average of seven bug nymphs per cell, mainly of Aelia acuminata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Pentatomidae), less often Ceraleptus lividus Stein, 1858 (Coreidae) and Corizus hyoscyami (Linnaeus, 1758) (Rhopalidae). Nests are built in sandy, shaded areas and consist of the main burrow, 10–12 cm long, and one terminal cell. Males are most often found in sunny areas. Adults visit Achillea millefolium L., Asteraceae, as the main source of nectar.