Effects of MgO, γ‑Al2O3, and TiO2 Nanoparticles at Low Concentrations on Interfacial Tension (IFT), Rock Wettability, and Oil Recovery by Spontaneous Imbibition in the Process of Smart Nanofluid Injection into Carbonate Reservoirs

• Iman Nowrouzi,
• Abbas Khaksar Manshad,
• Amir H. Mohammadi

Affiliations

Iman Nowrouzi

Discipline of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, Durban, South Africa

Abbas Khaksar Manshad

Department of Petroleum Engineering, Abadan Faculty of Petroleum Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology (PUT), Abadan, Iran

Amir H. Mohammadi

Discipline of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, Durban, South Africa