Titanium dioxide nanotubes applied to conventional glass ionomer cement influence the expression of immunoinflammatory markers: An in vitro study
João Pedro Rangel-Coelho,
Pedro Viel Gogolla,
Maria Davoli Meyer,
Lucas Carvalho Simão,
Bruna Carolina Costa,
Renato Côrrea Viana Casarin,
Mauro Pedrine Santamaria,
Lucas Novaes Teixeira,
Daiane Cristina Peruzzo,
Paulo Noronha Lisboa-Filho,
Francisco Humberto Nociti-Jr,
Kamila Rosamilia Kantovitz
Affiliations
João Pedro Rangel-Coelho
Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic (SLMANDIC), Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil
Pedro Viel Gogolla
Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic (SLMANDIC), Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil
Maria Davoli Meyer
Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic (SLMANDIC), Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil
Lucas Carvalho Simão
Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic (SLMANDIC), Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil
Bruna Carolina Costa
Department of Physics, School of Science, State University Júlio de Mesquita (UNESP), Av. Engenheiro Luís Edmundo Carrijo Coube 2085, Bauru, SP, 17033-360, Brazil
Renato Côrrea Viana Casarin
Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (FOP-UNICAMP), Av. Limeira 901, Areião, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
Mauro Pedrine Santamaria
College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, 1095 Veterans Dr, Lexington, KY, USA
Lucas Novaes Teixeira
Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic (SLMANDIC), Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil
Daiane Cristina Peruzzo
Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic (SLMANDIC), Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil
Paulo Noronha Lisboa-Filho
Department of Physics, School of Science, State University Júlio de Mesquita (UNESP), Av. Engenheiro Luís Edmundo Carrijo Coube 2085, Bauru, SP, 17033-360, Brazil
Francisco Humberto Nociti-Jr
Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic (SLMANDIC), Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil; American Dental Association Science and Research Institute - ADASRI, Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Group, Innovation and Technology Research, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
Kamila Rosamilia Kantovitz
Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic (SLMANDIC), Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil; Corresponding author.
Objectives: To assess the impact of different concentrations TiO2-nt incorporated into a glass ionomer cement on the proliferation, mitochondrial metabolism, morphology, and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production of cultured fibroblasts (NIH/3T3), whether or not stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS-2 μg/mL, 24 h). Methods: TiO2-nt was added to KM (Ketac Molar EasyMix™, 3 %, 5 %, 7 % in weight); unblended KM was used as the control. The analyses included: Cell proliferation assay (n = 6; 24/48/72h); Mitochondrial metabolism assay (n = 6; 24/48/72h); Confocal laser microscopy (n = 3; 24/48/72h); Determination of biomarkers (IL-1β/IL-6/IL-10/VEGF/TNF) by using both multiplex technology (n = 6; 12/18 h) and the quantitative real-time PCR assay (q-PCR) (n = 3, 24/72/120 h). The data underwent analysis using both the Shapiro-Wilk and Levene tests, and by generalized linear models (α = 0.05). Results: It demonstrated that cell proliferation increased over time, regardless of the presence of TiO2-nt or LPS, and displayed a significant increase at 72 h; mitochondrial metabolism increased (p < 0.05), irrespective of exposure to LPS (p = 0.937); no cell morphology changes were observed; TiO2-nt reverted the impact of KM on the secreted levels of the evaluated proteins and the gene expressions in the presence of LPS (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: TiO2-nt did not adversely affect the biological behavior of fibroblastic cells cultured on GIC discs.
