Advances in preclinical research models for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm

Abstract

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (GEP-NEN) is a rare, heterogeneous tumor that can be divided into neuroendocrine tumor (NET) and neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) due to its degree of differentiation. With the gradual deepening of the exploration of its pathogenesis and treatment methods, the importance of preclinical models has become increasingly prominent. Here we reviewed the published preclinical models such as cell lines, organoid models, patient-derived xenograft models and genetically engineered mouse models. We also discussed the current practical applications of these models and their strengths and weaknesses, to provide threads and directions for future research.

Keywords

• |gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm|cell line|organoid model|patient-derived xenograft model|genetically engineered mouse model