Rictor/mTORC2 signalling contributes to renal vascular endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition and renal allograft interstitial fibrosis by regulating BNIP3‐mediated mitophagy

Abstract

Abstract Background Renal allograft interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IF/TA) constitutes the principal histopathological characteristic of chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD) in kidney‐transplanted patients. While renal vascular endothelial‐mesenchymal transition (EndMT) has been verified as an important contributing factor to IF/TA in CAD patients, its underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Through single‐cell transcriptomic analysis, we identified Rictor as a potential pivotal mediator for EndMT. This investigation sought to elucidate the role of Rictor/mTORC2 signalling in the pathogenesis of renal allograft interstitial fibrosis and the associated mechanisms. Methods The influence of the Rictor/mTOR2 pathway on renal vascular EndMT and renal allograft fibrosis was investigated by cell experiments and Rictor depletion in renal allogeneic transplantation mice models. Subsequently, a series of assays were conducted to explore the underlying mechanisms of the enhanced mitophagy and the ameliorated EndMT resulting from Rictor knockout. Results Our findings revealed a significant activation of the Rictor/mTORC2 signalling in CAD patients and allogeneic kidney transplanted mice. The suppression of Rictor/mTORC2 signalling alleviated TNFα‐induced EndMT in HUVECs. Moreover, Rictor knockout in endothelial cells remarkably ameliorated renal vascular EndMT and allograft interstitial fibrosis in allogeneic kidney transplanted mice. Mechanistically, Rictor knockout resulted in an augmented BNIP3‐mediated mitophagy in endothelial cells. Furthermore, Rictor/mTORC2 facilitated the MARCH5‐mediated degradation of BNIP3 at the K130 site through K48‐linked ubiquitination, thereby regulating mitophagy activity. Subsequent experiments also demonstrated that BNIP3 knockdown nearly reversed the enhanced mitophagy and mitigated EndMT and allograft interstitial fibrosis induced by Rictor knockout. Conclusions Consequently, our study underscores Rictor/mTORC2 signalling as a critical mediator of renal vascular EndMT and allograft interstitial fibrosis progression, exerting its impact through regulating BNIP3‐mediated mitophagy. This insight unveils a potential therapeutic target for mitigating renal allograft interstitial fibrosis.

Keywords

• mitophagy
• renal allograft interstitial fibrosis
• Rictor/mTORC2
• vascular endothelial cells