Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution (Jan 2023)
Biological responses to change in Antarctic sea ice habitats
- Kerrie M. Swadling,
- Kerrie M. Swadling,
- Andrew J. Constable,
- Alexander D. Fraser,
- Robert A. Massom,
- Robert A. Massom,
- Robert A. Massom,
- Melanie D. Borup,
- Laura Ghigliotti,
- Antonia Granata,
- Letterio Guglielmo,
- Nadine M. Johnston,
- So Kawaguchi,
- So Kawaguchi,
- Fraser Kennedy,
- Rainer Kiko,
- Philippe Koubbi,
- Philippe Koubbi,
- Ryosuke Makabe,
- Ryosuke Makabe,
- Ryosuke Makabe,
- Andrew Martin,
- Andrew McMinn,
- Andrew McMinn,
- Masato Moteki,
- Masato Moteki,
- Evgeny A. Pakhomov,
- Ilka Peeken,
- Jody Reimer,
- Jody Reimer,
- Phillip Reid,
- Phillip Reid,
- Ken G. Ryan,
- Marino Vacchi,
- Patti Virtue,
- Patti Virtue,
- Patti Virtue,
- Patti Virtue,
- Christine K. Weldrick,
- Pat Wongpan,
- Simon J. Wotherspoon
Affiliations
- Kerrie M. Swadling
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Kerrie M. Swadling
- Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Andrew J. Constable
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Alexander D. Fraser
- Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Robert A. Massom
- Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Robert A. Massom
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, Kingston, TAS, Australia
- Robert A. Massom
- The Australian Centre for Excellence in Antarctic Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Melanie D. Borup
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Laura Ghigliotti
- Institute for the Study of the Anthropic Impacts and the Sustainability of the Marine Environment (IAS), National Research Council of Italy, Genoa, Italy
- Antonia Granata
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Letterio Guglielmo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy
- Nadine M. Johnston
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- So Kawaguchi
- Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- So Kawaguchi
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, Kingston, TAS, Australia
- Fraser Kennedy
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Rainer Kiko
- 0GEOMAR Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Philippe Koubbi
- 1Channel and North Sea Fisheries Research Unit, IFREMER, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
- Philippe Koubbi
- 2UFR 918 Terre Environnement et Biodiversité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Ryosuke Makabe
- 3National Institute of Polar Research, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Tachikawa, Japan
- Ryosuke Makabe
- 4Department of Polar Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Tachikawa, Japan
- Ryosuke Makabe
- 5Department of Ocean Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Minato, Japan
- Andrew Martin
- 6School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- Andrew McMinn
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Andrew McMinn
- The Australian Centre for Excellence in Antarctic Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Masato Moteki
- 3National Institute of Polar Research, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Tachikawa, Japan
- Masato Moteki
- 5Department of Ocean Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Minato, Japan
- Evgeny A. Pakhomov
- 7Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences and the Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Ilka Peeken
- 8Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Jody Reimer
- 9Department of Mathematics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Jody Reimer
- 0School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Phillip Reid
- Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Phillip Reid
- 1Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Ken G. Ryan
- 6School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- Marino Vacchi
- Institute for the Study of the Anthropic Impacts and the Sustainability of the Marine Environment (IAS), National Research Council of Italy, Genoa, Italy
- Patti Virtue
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Patti Virtue
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, Kingston, TAS, Australia
- Patti Virtue
- The Australian Centre for Excellence in Antarctic Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Patti Virtue
- 2CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Christine K. Weldrick
- Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Pat Wongpan
- Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Simon J. Wotherspoon
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, Kingston, TAS, Australia
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.1073823
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 10
Abstract
Sea ice is a key habitat in the high latitude Southern Ocean and is predicted to change in its extent, thickness and duration in coming decades. The sea-ice cover is instrumental in mediating ocean–atmosphere exchanges and provides an important substrate for organisms from microbes and algae to predators. Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, is reliant on sea ice during key phases of its life cycle, particularly during the larval stages, for food and refuge from their predators, while other small grazers, including copepods and amphipods, either live in the brine channel system or find food and shelter at the ice-water interface and in gaps between rafted ice blocks. Fish, such as the Antarctic silverfish Pleuragramma antarcticum, use platelet ice (loosely-formed frazil crystals) as an essential hatching and nursery ground. In this paper, we apply the framework of the Marine Ecosystem Assessment for the Southern Ocean (MEASO) to review current knowledge about relationships between sea ice and associated primary production and secondary consumers, their status and the drivers of sea-ice change in this ocean. We then use qualitative network modelling to explore possible responses of lower trophic level sea-ice biota to different perturbations, including warming air and ocean temperatures, increased storminess and reduced annual sea-ice duration. This modelling shows that pelagic algae, copepods, krill and fish are likely to decrease in response to warming temperatures and reduced sea-ice duration, while salp populations will likely increase under conditions of reduced sea-ice duration and increased number of days of >0°C. Differences in responses to these pressures between the five MEASO sectors were also explored. Greater impacts of environmental pressures on ice-related biota occurring presently were found for the West and East Pacific sectors (notably the Ross Sea and western Antarctic Peninsula), with likely flow-on effects to the wider ecosystem. All sectors are expected to be impacted over coming decades. Finally, we highlight priorities for future sea ice biological research to address knowledge gaps in this field.
Keywords
