The Activity of Isoquinoline Alkaloids and Extracts from <i>Chelidonium majus</i> against Pathogenic Bacteria and <i>Candida</i> sp.
Sylwia Zielińska,
Magdalena Wójciak-Kosior,
Magdalena Dziągwa-Becker,
Michał Gleńsk,
Ireneusz Sowa,
Karol Fijałkowski,
Danuta Rurańska-Smutnicka,
Adam Matkowski,
Adam Junka
Affiliations
Sylwia Zielińska
Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
Magdalena Wójciak-Kosior
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
Magdalena Dziągwa-Becker
Departament of Weed Science and Tillage Systems, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, Orzechowa 61, 50-540 Wrocław, Poland
Michał Gleńsk
Department of Pharmacognosy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
Ireneusz Sowa
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
Karol Fijałkowski
West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Physiological Chemistry, Piastów 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland
Danuta Rurańska-Smutnicka
Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
Adam Matkowski
Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
Adam Junka
Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
Chelidonium majus (Papaveraceae) extracts exhibit antimicrobial activity due to the complex alkaloid composition. The aim of the research was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of extracts from wild plants and in vitro cultures, as well as seven major individual alkaloids. Plant material derived from different natural habitats and in vitro cultures was used for the phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial tests. The composition of alkaloids was analyzed using chromatographic techniques (HPLC with DAD detection). The results have shown that roots contained higher number and amounts of alkaloids in comparison to aerial parts. All tested plant extracts manifested antimicrobial activity, related to different chemical structures of the alkaloids. Root extract used at 31.25−62.5 mg/L strongly reduced bacterial biomass. From the seven individually tested alkaloids, chelerythrine was the most effective against P. aeruginosa (MIC at 1.9 mg/L), while sanguinarine against S. aureus (MIC at 1.9 mg/L). Strong antifungal activity was observed against C. albicans when chelerythrine, chelidonine, and aerial parts extract were used. The experiments with plant extracts, individually tested alkaloids, and variable combinations of the latter allowed for a deeper insight into the potential mechanisms affecting the activity of this group of compounds.
