The Program for the Control of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Brazil: The Effect of the Systematic Euthanasia of Seropositive Dogs as a Single Control Action in Porteirinha, a Brazilian City with an Intense Transmission of Visceral Leishmaniasis
João Carlos França-Silva,
Rodolfo Cordeiro Giunchetti,
Reysla Maria da Silveira Mariano,
George Luiz Lins Machado-Coelho,
Luciana de Almeida Silva Teixeira,
Ricardo Andrade Barata,
Érika Monteiro Michalsky,
Marília Fonseca Rocha,
Consuelo Latorre Fortes-Dias,
Edelberto Santos Dias
Affiliations
João Carlos França-Silva
Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
Rodolfo Cordeiro Giunchetti
Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
Reysla Maria da Silveira Mariano
Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
George Luiz Lins Machado-Coelho
Medicine School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35402-163, MG, Brazil
Luciana de Almeida Silva Teixeira
Department of Medical Clinics, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38025-180, MG, Brazil
Ricardo Andrade Barata
Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina 39803-371, MG, Brazil
Érika Monteiro Michalsky
René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, MG, Brazil
Marília Fonseca Rocha
Zoonoses Control Center, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros 39401-089, MG, Brazil
Consuelo Latorre Fortes-Dias
Research and Development Center, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte 30510-010, MG, Brazil
Edelberto Santos Dias
René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, MG, Brazil
Background: Porteirinha is endemic for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), with intense disease transmission of the disease. We evaluated the impact of canine euthanasia as a single control measure on the incidence of VL in humans and canines. Methods: A prospective observational cohort study was carried out over four years (1998–2002) in 8 of the 12 neighborhoods of the city. The dynamics of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) transmission were evaluated for 2 years, before beginning the screening–culling intervention. The comparative morbidity index (CMI) was used to stratify areas with the greatest risk of CVL, and the spatial distribution of human and canine VL cases was compared using univariate and bivariate K-functions. Results: Human cases conglomerated in three neighborhoods. Spatial clusters were detected for CVL in 1998, 2000, and 2001, but not in 1999, when greater spatial dispersion occurred. The screening and culling intervention reduced the number of human VL cases and decreased the incidence of CVL, mainly in neighborhoods with a high CMI. Conclusions: The systematic euthanasia of seropositive dogs was shown to be an effective control action of the Program for Control of Visceral Leishmaniasis (PCLV) in Brazil. The fundamental role of domestic dogs in the epidemiological chain of VL was reaffirmed.
