Hubungan Konsumsi Minuman Berpemanis dengan Kejadian Kegemukan pada Remaja di SMP Negeri 1 Bandung (Correlation of Sweetened-Drink Consumption with Obesity Prevalence in Adolescence in State Secondary School 1 Bandung)

Abstract

Abstrak Minuman berpemanis adalah minuman yang ditambahkan gula sederhana selama proses produksi sehingga dapat menambah kandungan energi, tetapi memiliki sedikit kandungan zat gizi lain. Minuman berpemanis di Indonesia mengandung 37-54 gram gula dalam kemasan saji 300-500 ml. Jumlah kandungan gula ini melebihi 4 kali rekomendasi penambahan gula yang aman pada minuman, yaitu 6-12 gram dan menyumbang energi 310-420 kkal. Konsumsi berlebih minuman berpemanis mungkin dapat menjadi penyebab dari kegemukan. Kegemukan adalah akibat dari berlebihnya asupan energi dibandingkan penggunaan energi sehingga terjadi penyimpanan berlebih lemak tubuh di jaringan adiposa. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui hubungan konsumsi minuman berpemanis dengan kejadian kegemukan remaja di SMP Negeri 1 Bandung. Data diperoleh dari cross-sectional study dengan jumlah responden 100 siswa kelas VIII pada November 2014. Responden berumur 12-14 tahun dengan status gizi IMT/U >-2,00 SD. Data konsumsi minuman berpemanis diperoleh dari metode wawancara dengan menggunakan Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaires (SQ-FFQ) selama satu minggu. Status gizi kegemukan menggunakan indikator IMT/U. Hasil uji statistik univariat didapatkan bahwa rata-rata konsumsi minuman berpemanis sebesar 60,43 gram (±36,31SD) menyumbangkan 19,04% energi dari rata-rata total energi responden 1754,089 kkal, sedangkan rata-rata status gizi berdasarkan IMT/U adalah 0,149 (±1,016SD) dan kejadian kegemukan sebesar 21% dari seluruh responden. Kesimpulan berdasarkan uji korelasi Pearson, tidak ada hubungan antara konsumsi minuman berpemanis dan kejadian kegemukan pada remaja di SMP Negeri 1 Bandung (p>0,05). Kata kunci: minuman berpemanis, remaja, kegemukan Abstract Sugar-sweetened drinks are drinks that are added with sugar during production process and contribute to energy content but have less nutrients. Sugar-sweetened drinks in Indonesia contained 37-54 gram (gms) sugar for 300-500 ml serving. This sugar content exceeds 4 times the recommended added sugar for drinks, that is 6-12 gram and has contributed in 310-420 energy calories. Excessive sugar-sweetened drinks may cause overweight. Overweight is a condition when energy consumption was exceeding energy expenditure, therefore there will be an excessive fat storage in adipose tissue. The aim of this research is to find the correlation between sugar-sweetened drinks consumption and overweight in adolescents. This research was a cross-sectional study with 100 subjects from second grade and held on November 2014. Subjects were aged from 12 to 14 years, and had z-score more than -2 SD. Sugar-sweetened drinks consumption was obtained by the interview with Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaires (SQ-FFQ) for a week. Overweight status was measured by using BMI for age z-score. The unvaried statistic result show that average of sugar-sweetened drinks consumption was 60,43 gram (±36,31SD) and it contributed to 19,04% energy from the average subject’s energy, 1754,089 calories. Meanwhile, nutritional status average based on z-score was 0,149 (±1,016SD) and overweight prevalence was 21%. It was then concluded based on Pearson’s correlation analysis that there was no correlation between sugar-sweetened drinks consumption and overweight in adolescents (p>0,05) Keywords: sugar-sweetened drinks, adolescents, overweight