The Astrophysical Journal (Jan 2023)
Hidden Giants in JWST's PEARLS: An Ultramassive z = 4.26 Submillimeter Galaxy that Is Invisible to HST
- Ian Smail,
- Ugnė Dudzevičiūtė,
- Mark Gurwell,
- Giovanni G. Fazio,
- S. P. Willner,
- A. M. Swinbank,
- Vinodiran Arumugam,
- Jake Summers,
- Seth H. Cohen,
- Rolf A. Jansen,
- Rogier A. Windhorst,
- Ashish Meena,
- Adi Zitrin,
- William C. Keel,
- Cheng Cheng,
- Dan Coe,
- Christopher J. Conselice,
- Jordan C. J. D’Silva,
- Simon P. Driver,
- Brenda Frye,
- Norman A. Grogin,
- Anton M. Koekemoer,
- Madeline A. Marshall,
- Mario Nonino,
- Nor Pirzkal,
- Aaron Robotham,
- Michael J. Rutkowski,
- Russell E. Ryan Jr.,
- Scott Tompkins,
- Christopher N. A. Willmer,
- Haojing Yan,
- Thomas J. Broadhurst,
- José M. Diego,
- Patrick Kamieneski,
- Min Yun
Affiliations
- Ian Smail
- ORCiD
- Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Department of Physics, Durham University , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Ugnė Dudzevičiūtė
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomy , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Mark Gurwell
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Giovanni G. Fazio
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- S. P. Willner
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- A. M. Swinbank
- ORCiD
- Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Department of Physics, Durham University , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Vinodiran Arumugam
- ORCiD
- Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique, 300 rue de la Piscine, Domaine Universitaire , F-38406 Saint Martin d’Hères, France
- Jake Summers
- ORCiD
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University , Tempe, AZ 85287-1404, USA
- Seth H. Cohen
- ORCiD
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University , Tempe, AZ 85287-1404, USA
- Rolf A. Jansen
- ORCiD
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University , Tempe, AZ 85287-1404, USA
- Rogier A. Windhorst
- ORCiD
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University , Tempe, AZ 85287-1404, USA
- Ashish Meena
- ORCiD
- Physics Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- Adi Zitrin
- ORCiD
- Physics Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- William C. Keel
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama , Box 870324, Tuscaloosa, AL 35404, USA
- Cheng Cheng
- ORCiD
- Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy , National Astronomical Observatories, CAS, Beijing, 100101, People’s Republic of China
- Dan Coe
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy for the European Space Agency , STScI, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Center for Astrophysical Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Christopher J. Conselice
- ORCiD
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Jordan C. J. D’Silva
- ORCiD
- International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research and International Space Centre, University of Western Australia , M468, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions , Australia
- Simon P. Driver
- ORCiD
- International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research and International Space Centre, University of Western Australia , M468, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions , Australia
- Brenda Frye
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0009, USA
- Norman A. Grogin
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy for the European Space Agency , STScI, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Center for Astrophysical Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Anton M. Koekemoer
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy for the European Space Agency , STScI, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Center for Astrophysical Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Madeline A. Marshall
- ORCiD
- ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions , Australia; National Research Council of Canada, Herzberg Astronomy & Astrophysics Research Centre , 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada
- Mario Nonino
- ORCiD
- INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste , Via Bazzoni 2, I-34124 Trieste, Italy
- Nor Pirzkal
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy for the European Space Agency , STScI, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Center for Astrophysical Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Aaron Robotham
- ORCiD
- International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research and International Space Centre, University of Western Australia , M468, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions , Australia
- Michael J. Rutkowski
- ORCiD
- Minnesota State University-Mankato , Telescope Science Institute, TN141, Mankato MN 56001, USA
- Russell E. Ryan Jr.
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy for the European Space Agency , STScI, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Center for Astrophysical Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Scott Tompkins
- ORCiD
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University , Tempe, AZ 85287-1404, USA
- Christopher N. A. Willmer
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0009, USA
- Haojing Yan
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Thomas J. Broadhurst
- ORCiD
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Department of Theoretical Physics, Bilbao, E-48080, Spain; DIPC , Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastian E-48080, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao E-48011, Spain
- José M. Diego
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros, Universidad de Cantabria , E-39005 Santander, Spain
- Patrick Kamieneski
- ORCiD
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University , Tempe, AZ 85287-1404, USA
- Min Yun
- ORCiD
- University of Massachusetts , Department of Astronomy, 710 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003-9305, USA
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acf931
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 958,
no. 1
p. 36
Abstract
We present a multiwavelength analysis using the Submillimeter Array (SMA), James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, NOEMA, JWST, the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), and the Spitzer Space Telescope of two dusty strongly star-forming galaxies, 850.1 and 850.2, seen through the massive cluster lens A 1489. These SMA-located sources both lie at z = 4.26 and have bright dust continuum emission, but 850.2 is a UV-detected Lyman-break galaxy, while 850.1 is undetected at ≲ 2 μ m, even with deep JWST/NIRCam observations. We investigate their stellar, interstellar medium, and dynamical properties, including a pixel-level spectral energy distribution analysis to derive subkiloparsec-resolution stellar-mass and A _V maps. We find that 850.1 is one of the most massive and highly obscured, A _V ∼ 5, galaxies known at z > 4 with M _* ∼10 ^11.8 M _⊙ (likely forming at z > 6), and 850.2 is one of the least massive and least obscured, A _V ∼ 1, members of the z > 4 dusty star-forming population. The diversity of these two dust-mass-selected galaxies illustrates the incompleteness of galaxy surveys at z ≳ 3–4 based on imaging at ≲ 2 μ m, the longest wavelengths feasible from HST or the ground. The resolved mass map of 850.1 shows a compact stellar-mass distribution, ${R}_{{\rm{e}}}^{\mathrm{mass}}$ ∼1 kpc, but its expected evolution means that it matches both the properties of massive, quiescent galaxies at z ∼ 1.5 and ultramassive early-type galaxies at z ∼ 0. We suggest that 850.1 is the central galaxy of a group in which 850.2 is a satellite that will likely merge in the near future. The stellar morphology of 850.1 shows arms and a linear bar feature that we link to the active dynamical environment it resides within.
Keywords
- Submillimeter astronomy
- Galaxy evolution
- Ultraluminous infrared galaxies
- Lyman-break galaxies
- High-redshift galaxies
