Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of <i>Malapterurus electricus</i> Skin Fish Methanolic Extract in Arthritic Rats: Therapeutic and Protective Effects
Abeer H. Elmaidomy,
Esraa M. Mohamed,
Hanan F. Aly,
Eman A. Younis,
Shams Gamal Eldin Shams,
Faisal H. Altemani,
Mubarak A. Alzubaidi,
Mohammed Almaghrabi,
Adnan Al Harbi,
Faisal Alsenani,
Ahmed M. Sayed,
Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
Affiliations
Abeer H. Elmaidomy
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
Esraa M. Mohamed
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, MUST, Giza 12566, Egypt
Hanan F. Aly
Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, El Bouhouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
Eman A. Younis
Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, El Bouhouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
Shams Gamal Eldin Shams
Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, El Bouhouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
Faisal H. Altemani
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
Mubarak A. Alzubaidi
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
Mohammed Almaghrabi
Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia
Adnan Al Harbi
Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
Faisal Alsenani
Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
Ahmed M. Sayed
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt
Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
The protective and therapeutic anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potency of Malapterurus electricus (F. Malapteruridae) skin fish methanolic extract (FE) (300 mg/kg.b.wt/day for 7 days, orally) was tested in monosodium urate(MSU)-induced arthritic Wistar albino male rats’ joints. Serum uric acid, TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-𝜅B, MDA, GSH, catalase, SOD, and glutathione reductase levels were all measured. According to the findings, FE significantly reduced uric acid levels and ankle swelling in both protective and therapeutic groups. Furthermore, it has anti-inflammatory effects by downregulating inflammatory cytokines, primarily through decreased oxidative stress and increased antioxidant status. All the aforementioned lesions were significantly improved in protected and treated rats with FE, according to histopathological findings. iNOS immunostaining revealed that protected and treated arthritic rats with FE had weak positive immune-reactive cells. Phytochemical analysis revealed that FE was high in fatty and amino acids. The most abundant compounds were vaccenic (24.52%), 9-octadecenoic (11.66%), palmitic (34.66%), stearic acids (14.63%), glycine (0.813 mg/100 mg), and alanine (1.645 mg/100 mg). Extensive molecular modelling and dynamics simulation experiments revealed that compound 4 has the potential to target and inhibit COX isoforms with a higher affinity for COX-2. As a result, we contend that FE could be a promising protective and therapeutic option for arthritis, aiding in the prevention and progression of this chronic inflammatory disease.
