Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva (Mar 2008)
Avaliação do uso da clonidina para sedoanalgesia de pacientes sob ventilação mecânica prolongada, internados em unidade de terapia intensiva Evaluate the clonidine use for sedoanalgesia in intensive care unit patients under prolonged mechanical ventilation
Abstract
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O controle do desconforto dos pacientes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) tem-se tornado essencial na prática da Medicina intensiva. Os fármacos sedoanalgésicos podem influenciar na morbimortalidade do paciente crítico. Agentes a2-agonistas podem ter um futuro interessante nas UTI. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a administração da clonidina para a sedoanalgesia de pacientes sob ventilação mecânica (VM) prolongada. MÉTODO: Estudo de coorte histórico, onde foram selecionados os prontuários dos pacientes internados na UTI entre janeiro e dezembro de 2006, sob sedação, analgesia e ventilação mecânica por período > 7 dias. Foram anotados os dados demográficos, clínicos e terapêuticos desses pacientes, que foram subdivididos em três grupos: G1 - medicados com clonidina e outros sedoanalgésicos, G2 - medicados com mais de três fármacos sedoanalgésicos, exceto clonidina, e G3 - medicados com midazolam e fentanil. Registrou-se a dose média diária da clonidina, anotando-se, antes da sua administração, 6 e 24 horas após, os valores da freqüência cardíaca e pressão arterial. Para a análise estatística foram utilizados os testes Análise de Variância (ANOVA), t de Student, c² sendo considerado significativo quando p BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The control of patient discomfort in the intensive care unit (ICU) has become an integral part of critical care practice. The sedoanalgesic drugs could influence critically ill patient's morbimortality. Alpha²-adrenoceptor agonists might have an interesting future in ICU. The objective of this study is to evaluate the clonidine use for sedoanalgesia in ICU patients under prolonged mechanical ventilation. METHODS: Historical cohort study. Admitted patient files, January-December 2006, which stayed under mechanical ventilation, analgesia and sedation > 7days were analyzed. Demographic, clinical features and therapeutic data concerning analgesia and sedation were remarked. The data allowed classify the patients in three different groups: G1 = patients that used clonidine and other drugs; G2 = patients that used three or more drugs, without clonidine and G3 = patients that used fentanyl and midazolam. The mean daily doses of infused clonidine were registered, and the values of heat rate (HR), blood arterial pressure (BAP) before starting use of clonidine, after six hours and 24 hours were also registered. Statistical analyzes were performed using Variance Analysis (ANOVA), t tests and x² (significance p < 0.05). RESULTS: Were selected 55 patients. Fifteen (27.2%) belonged to G1, 11 (20%) belonged to G2 and 29 (52.7%) belonged to G3. The mean age of patients was 44 (G1), 50 (G2) and 56 (G3) (p = NS). The mean score APACHE II was 18 (G1), 20.4 (G2) and 20.7 (G3) (p = NS). G1 and G2 patients presented higher ICU length-of-stay (p < 0.05). The mean dose of clonidine used was 1.21 ± 0.54 mg/kg/min. G1 patients had HR and BAP decreased, however these effects were not considered clinically relevant. The mortality was lower in the patients from G1 (20%) when compared to G2 (54.5%) and G3 (62%) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The clonidine use to analyzed patients did not result in clinical relevant side effects. The lower mortality index in patients that used clonidine was statistical significant.
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