Upgrading Lignin into Graphene‐Based Materials: State of the Art and Perspectives

Abstract

Lignin is a promising precursor to produce graphene materials due to its high carbon and aromatic contents. Upgrading lignin into graphene materials has gained significant interests as it offers a cost‐effective and sustainable route to produce high‐performance carbon materials. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the state‐of‐the‐art technologies on lignin to graphene materials with a focus on thermal catalytic and photothermal upgrading. The applications of lignin‐derived graphene materials and the perspectives for mass production of such graphene materials are also discussed.

Keywords

• carbon materials
• catalytic carbonization and graphitization
• graphene
• laser‐induced graphene
• lignin