Adherence to Mediterranean Diet Pattern among Spanish Adults Attending a Medical Centre: Nondiabetic Subjects and Type 1 and 2 Diabetic Patients

Abstract

Objective. To identify adherence to Mediterranean diet among two groups of Spanish adults: diabetic patients and nondiabetic subjects. Methods. Adherence to Mediterranean diet was measured by a 14-item screener (scale: 0–14; ≤5: low, 6–9: moderate, and ≥10: high) in 351 volunteers. Results. Mean age was 50.97 ± 12.58 in nondiabetics (n=154) and 59.50 ± 13.34 in diabetics (n=197). The whole sample scored 8.77 ± 1.82. Score was 9.19 ± 1.84 in nondiabetic females (n=58) and 8.15 ± 1.79 in diabetic females (n=85) (p=0.003), due to lower consumption of olive oil (p=0.005) and nuts (p=0.000). Type 2 diabetic males (n=79; 8.76 ± 1.88) consumed less olive oil than healthy males (n=28; 9.36 ± 1.59) (p=0.046). Up to 30-year-old nondiabetics scored lower than more than 60-year-old nondiabetics (8.40 ± 1.5 versus 9.74 ± 2.03; p=0.047). The youngest ate less olive oil (p=0.002) and more pastries (p=0.007). Conclusions. The sample presented moderate adherence to Mediterranean diet in all subgroups. Scientific evidence about the benefits of Mediterranean diet, olive oil, and nuts supports the recommendation to increase consumption of olive oil and nuts in diabetic women and of daily olive oil in type 2 diabetic men, reducing consumption of red meat, butter, and pastries, and to promote Mediterranean diet among the youngest of the sample studied.