Sensors (Dec 2024)
Design and Test of a Calibration System for Avalanche Photodiodes Used in X-Ray Compton Polarimeters for Space
- Andrea Alimenti,
- Fabrizio Cologgi,
- Sergio Fabiani,
- Kostiantyn Torokhtii,
- Enrico Silva,
- Ettore Del Monte,
- Ilaria Baffo,
- Sergio Bonomo,
- Daniele Brienza,
- Riccardo Campana,
- Mauro Centrone,
- Giulia De Iulis,
- Enrico Costa,
- Giovanni Cucinella,
- Andrea Curatolo,
- Nicolas De Angelis,
- Giovanni De Cesare,
- Andrea Del Re,
- Sergio Di Cosimo,
- Simone Di Filippo,
- Alessandro Di Marco,
- Giuseppe Di Persio,
- Immacolata Donnarumma,
- Pierluigi Fanelli,
- Abhay Kumar,
- Paolo Leonetti,
- Alfredo Locarini,
- Pasqualino Loffredo,
- Giovanni Lombardi,
- Gabriele Minervini,
- Dario Modenini,
- Fabio Muleri,
- Silvia Natalucci,
- Andrea Negri,
- Massimo Perelli,
- Monia Rossi,
- Alda Rubini,
- Emanuele Scalise,
- Paolo Soffitta,
- Andrea Terracciano,
- Paolo Tortora,
- Emanuele Zaccagnino,
- Alessandro Zambardi
Affiliations
- Andrea Alimenti
- Department of Industrial, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, Roma Tre University, Via V. Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, Italy
- Fabrizio Cologgi
- Department of Industrial, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, Roma Tre University, Via V. Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, Italy
- Sergio Fabiani
- INAF-IAPS, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Kostiantyn Torokhtii
- Department of Industrial, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, Roma Tre University, Via V. Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, Italy
- Enrico Silva
- Department of Industrial, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, Roma Tre University, Via V. Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, Italy
- Ettore Del Monte
- INAF-IAPS, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Ilaria Baffo
- Dipartimento di Economia, Ingegneria, Società e Impresa, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Largo dell’Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
- Sergio Bonomo
- IMT s.r.l., Via Carlo Bartolomeo Piazza 30, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Daniele Brienza
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Riccardo Campana
- INAF-OAS Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Mauro Centrone
- INAF-OAR, Via Frascati 33, 00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
- Giulia De Iulis
- SCAI Connect s.r.l., Via Vincenzo Lamaro 51, 00173 Rome, Italy
- Enrico Costa
- INAF-IAPS, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Giovanni Cucinella
- IMT s.r.l., Via Carlo Bartolomeo Piazza 30, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Andrea Curatolo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Via Fontanelle 40, 47121 Forlì, Italy
- Nicolas De Angelis
- INAF-IAPS, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Giovanni De Cesare
- INAF-OAS Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Andrea Del Re
- SCAI Connect s.r.l., Via Vincenzo Lamaro 51, 00173 Rome, Italy
- Sergio Di Cosimo
- INAF-IAPS, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Simone Di Filippo
- IMT s.r.l., Via Carlo Bartolomeo Piazza 30, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Alessandro Di Marco
- INAF-IAPS, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Giuseppe Di Persio
- INAF-IAPS, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Immacolata Donnarumma
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Pierluigi Fanelli
- Dipartimento di Economia, Ingegneria, Società e Impresa, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Largo dell’Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
- Abhay Kumar
- INAF-IAPS, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Paolo Leonetti
- SCAI Connect s.r.l., Via Vincenzo Lamaro 51, 00173 Rome, Italy
- Alfredo Locarini
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Pasqualino Loffredo
- INAF-IAPS, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Giovanni Lombardi
- INAF-IAPS, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Gabriele Minervini
- INAF Headquarters, Viale del Parco Mellini 84, 00136 Rome, Italy
- Dario Modenini
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Via Fontanelle 40, 47121 Forlì, Italy
- Fabio Muleri
- INAF-IAPS, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Silvia Natalucci
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Andrea Negri
- IMT s.r.l., Via Carlo Bartolomeo Piazza 30, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Massimo Perelli
- IMT s.r.l., Via Carlo Bartolomeo Piazza 30, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Monia Rossi
- INAF-IAPS, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Alda Rubini
- INAF-IAPS, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Emanuele Scalise
- INAF-IAPS, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Paolo Soffitta
- INAF-IAPS, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Andrea Terracciano
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Paolo Tortora
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Via Fontanelle 40, 47121 Forlì, Italy
- Emanuele Zaccagnino
- Dipartimento di Economia, Ingegneria, Società e Impresa, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Largo dell’Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
- Alessandro Zambardi
- SCAI Connect s.r.l., Via Vincenzo Lamaro 51, 00173 Rome, Italy
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/s24248016
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 24,
no. 24
p. 8016
Abstract
The development and calibration of a measurement system designed for assessing the performance of the avalanche photodiodes (APDs) used in the Compton scattering polarimeter of the CUSP project is discussed in this work. The designed system is able to characterize the APD gain GAPD and energy resolution across a wide range of temperatures T (from −20 °C to +60 °C) and bias voltages Vbias (from 260 V to 410 V). The primary goal was to experimentally determine the GAPD dependence on the T and Vbias in order to establish a strategy for stabilizing GAPD by compensating for T fluctuations, acting on Vbias. The results demonstrate the system capability to accurately characterize APD behavior and develop feedback mechanisms to ensure its stable operation. This work provides a robust framework for calibrating APDs for space environments. It is essential for the successful implementation of spaceborne polarimeters such as the Compton scattering polarimeter foreseen aboard the CUbeSat Solar Polarimeter (CUSP) mission under development to perform solar flare X-ray polarimetry.
Keywords
