International Journal of Nanomedicine (Dec 2020)
Size-Dependent Antibacterial Immunity of Staphylococcus aureus Protoplast-Derived Particulate Vaccines
Abstract
Xuelian Fan,1 Fei Wang,1 Xin Zhou,1 Bin Chen,2 Gang Chen1 1Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, People’s Republic of China; 2Institute of Plant Resources and Chemistry, Nanjing Research Institute for Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plants, Nanjing 210042, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Gang ChenInstitute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, 88 Daxue South Road, Yangzhou 225009, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 0514-87931730Email [email protected] ChenInstitute of Plant Resources and Chemistry, Nanjing Research Institute for Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plants, 7 Jiangyun Road, Nanjing 210042, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 025-85472025Email [email protected]: Vaccination provides a viable alternative to antibiotics for the treatment of drug-resistant bacterial infection. Bacterial protoplasts have gained much attention for a new generation vaccine due to depleting toxic outer wall components.Purpose: The objective of this study was to reveal the effects of bacterial protoplast-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs) size on antibacterial immunity.Methods: Herein, we prepared bacterial PDNVs with different sizes by removing the cell wall of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) to generate multi-antigen nanovaccines. Furthermore, we investigated the ability of PDNVs in different sizes to activate dendritic cells (DCs) and trigger humoral and cellular immune responses in vivo.Results: We obtained particles of ∼ 200 nm, 400 nm, and 700 nm diameters and found that all the PDNVs readily induce efficient maturation of DCs in the draining lymph nodes of the vaccinated mice. Dramatically, the activation of DCs was increased with decreasing particle sizes. In addition, vaccination with PDNVs generated elevated expression levels of specific antibody and the production of INF-γ, especially the smaller ones, indicating the capability of inducing strong humoral immunity and Th1 biased cell responses against the source bacteria.Conclusion: These observed results provide evidence for size-dependent orchestration of immune responses of PDNVs and help to rationally design and develop effective antibacterial vaccines.Keywords: nanoparticles, protoplasts, size, bacterial vaccines
