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Mapeamento de vulnerabilidade socioespacial: Análise espacial integrada entre vulnerabilidade social e suscetibilidade a inundações em bacia hidrográfica urbanizada de São Paulo/SP.
Abstract
The city of Sao Paulo, Brazil, has a historical problem related to flood risk. To properly address this issue, there is a demand for methodological proposals that allow an integrative assessment of the different related variables. With the objective to jointly analyze physical and social aspects that define flood risk, a systematization method was developed to classify vulnerable sites according to methodologies of diverse and complementary nature. This systematization was based over adaptation and application of the Sao Paulo index of social vulnerability on one hand and, on the other hand, the use of retrospective cartography of fluvial plains original morphology. This study was addressed to the Aricanduva river basin, due to the fact that this area presents a historic of impacts on urban mobility and properties, related to its frequent floods, especially during the rainy season of 2009/2010. Firstly, the spatial susceptibility to flooding was mapped using incidence records and by interpreting the area’s original morphology. Using the scale of census sectors, the resident population’s social vulnerability and its location relative to the river plain compartments were correlated, obtaining a unified vulnerability index. As a result, priority locations for preventive actions, urban upgrading, and monitoring were identified, classified and mapped. It was also possible to verify a correlation between the areas classified with greater socio-spatial vulnerability and those with confirmed flood impacts in the reference period of this study. It is considered that such results imply intelligible information to decision makers, composed of data hitherto related in a theoretical and rarely cartographic way.
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