Influence of external factors on seed germination in field crops

Abstract

Seed germination is a complex biological process influenced by a combination of internal and external factors. This paper analyzes the impact of key environmental factors: temperature, water availability, light, pH value, and storage conditions on seed germination, with a particular focus on field crops. Temperature plays a crucial role in enzymatic activity and metabolic processes, with both excessively high and low temperatures negatively affecting germination due to oxidative stress and enzyme inhibition. Water availability is essential for seed rehydration and metabolic activation, while excess moisture can lead to anaerobic conditions that hinder germination. Light influences germination through photoreceptors that regulate hormonal balance, affecting dormancy and growth initiation. Soil pH affects nutrient availability and enzyme activity, with extreme pH levels inhibiting seed metabolism. Finally, storage conditions determine seed viability over time, with high humidity and temperature, accelerating biochemical degradation. Understanding these factors is crucial for optimizing seed germination and improving agricultural productivity, particularly in the context of climate change.

Keywords

• seed germination
• temperature
• water availability
• light
• ph
• storage conditions
• oxidative stress