Feasibility of Use of Second Life Electrical Vehicle Batteries in Data Centres in Malaysia

Abstract

It is estimated that the cumulative of Electric Vehicles (EVs) will reach 85 million by 2030. EV batteries that have degraded to80% of their initial capacity no longer provide the required efficiency for EV, resulting in anincreasing amount of batteries being discarded and stored in warehouses instead of being recycled. The cost of this storage after its End of Life (EOL) adds to the initial cost of the EV. There is amounting environmental pressure to re-purposethese discarded batteriesin other applications, such as energy arbitrage and peak shaving, such that the initial cost of the EV be reduced. This work presents a feasibility study that allows discarded EV batteries to be repurposed batteries to providepeak shaving in a mid-tier data centre with an area size of 465 m2. A comparison of the cost during peak hours shows that the repurposed batteries can be used as a reliable power supply source to reduce the reliance of data centres on grid power during peak hours. Results showed that the use of these repurposed batteries alsoachieved a higher cost savings as compared to using brand new Lithium Ionbattery over a period of 10 years. Areliability study alsoshows that the repurposed battery system and brand new battery system performs atpar, when the data centre draws power from the grid during peak hours. The study concludes that power supply system in data centres that uses repurposed batteriesto achievepeak shaving is a cost effective, green solution that should be implemented. In the larger picture,the reusability of the EV batteriesis expected toreduce the initial price of the EV cars,allowing a larger market penetration and thus ensuring the sustainability of the EV car industry. Reusing the stored batteries also reduces environmental issues related to Lithium miningfor brand new batteries, such as mining pollution and fresh water shortage.

Keywords

• peak power shaving
• repurposed lithium ion batteries
• operation cost reduction
• environmental damage reduction
• electrical vehicle industry sustainability