The Successional Pattern of Microbial Communities and Critical Genes of Consortia Subsisting on Chloramphenicol and Its Metabolites Through Long-Term Domestication
Jiayu Zhang,
Kaiyan Zhou,
Fangliang Guo,
Huaxin Lei,
Renxin Zhao,
Lin Lin,
Xiaoyan Li,
Bing Li
Affiliations
Jiayu Zhang
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
Kaiyan Zhou
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Fangliang Guo
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Huaxin Lei
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Renxin Zhao
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Lin Lin
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
Xiaoyan Li
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
Bing Li
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Corresponding author.
As a widespread emerging contaminant, chloramphenicol (CAP) adversely impacts ecological communities in the water environment. Biological treatment is widely used for aquatic pollutant removal, and the performance of functional microbes determines its outcome. Herein, a consortium with a powerful CAP-degrading capacity was domesticated from activated sludge. As the common degradation products of CAP, 4-nitrobenzoic acid (PNB) and 2,2-dichloroacetic acid (DCA) were also used as the sole substrates for long-term domestication. The successional pattern of the microbial community and critical functional genes through the 2.5-year domestication was revealed by metagenomic analysis. Sphingomonas, Caballeronia, and Cupriavidus became the most dominant populations in the CAP-, PNB-, and DCA-degrading consortia, respectively, and they were crucial degraders of PNB and DCA. Their collaboration contributed to the high mineralization rate of CAP. PNB was transformed into protocatechuic acid (PCA) and then mineralized through meta-cleavage and ortho-cleavage pathways. Crucial functional genes involved in CAP, PNB, and DCA metabolism, including CAP acetyltransferase, CAP oxidoreductase, haloacid dehalogenases, and protocatechuate dioxygenases, were significantly enriched in consortia. pH and carbon source had significant impacts on CAP biodegradation efficiency. The domesticated consortia and isolated strains are necessary microbial resources to enhance the bioremediation of CAP-, PNB-, or DCA-polluted environments.
