Formulation of the Biosurfactant Produced by Candida Sphaerica for Application as a Bioremediation Agent

Abstract

Oil spills in oceans cause irreparable damage to marine life and harm to the coastal populations of affected areas. It is therefore fundamental to develop treatment strategies for such spills. Currently, chemical dispersants have been used during oil spills, although these agents have been increasingly restricted due to their toxic potential. Thus, the aim of the present study was to formulate a biodegradable commercial biosurfactant for application as a bioremediation agent. Biosurfactants are scientifically known biomolecules produced by microorganisms capable of allowing water-oil interaction. Thus, a biosurfactant was produced by the yeast Candida sphaerica UCP0995 cultivated in industrial waste and formulated with the addition of a potassium sorbate preservative. After formulation, samples were stored for 120 days, followed by surface tension and emulsification measurement, and oil dispersant tests in seawater. The results were promising for the biosurfactant formulated with the preservative, which demonstrated stability and dispersion of the engine oil by the biosurfactant stored with potassium sorbate only, with values above 100% dispersion at the beginning of the experiment. The commercial biosurfactant was tested at different pH values, temperatures and in the presence of salt, demonstrating potential industrial application at a cost compatible with the environmental field.