The Astrophysical Journal Letters (Jan 2025)
Kinematic Evidence for Bipolar Ejecta Flows in the Galactic Supernova Remnant W49B
- XRISM Collaboration,
- Marc Audard,
- Hisamitsu Awaki,
- Ralf Ballhausen,
- Aya Bamba,
- Ehud Behar,
- Rozenn Boissay-Malaquin,
- Laura Brenneman,
- Gregory V. Brown,
- Lia Corrales,
- Elisa Costantini,
- Renata Cumbee,
- María Díaz Trigo,
- Chris Done,
- Tadayasu Dotani,
- Ken Ebisawa,
- Megan E. Eckart,
- Dominique Eckert,
- Satoshi Eguchi,
- Teruaki Enoto,
- Yuichiro Ezoe,
- Adam Foster,
- Ryuichi Fujimoto,
- Yutaka Fujita,
- Yasushi Fukazawa,
- Kotaro Fukushima,
- Akihiro Furuzawa,
- Luigi Gallo,
- Javier A. García,
- Liyi Gu,
- Matteo Guainazzi,
- Kouichi Hagino,
- Kenji Hamaguchi,
- Isamu Hatsukade,
- Katsuhiro Hayashi,
- Takayuki Hayashi,
- Natalie Hell,
- Edmund Hodges-Kluck,
- Ann Hornschemeier,
- Yuto Ichinohe,
- Daiki Ishi,
- Manabu Ishida,
- Kumi Ishikawa,
- Yoshitaka Ishisaki,
- Jelle Kaastra,
- Timothy Kallman,
- Erin Kara,
- Satoru Katsuda,
- Yoshiaki Kanemaru,
- Richard L. Kelley,
- Caroline A. Kilbourne,
- Shunji Kitamoto,
- Shogo Kobayashi,
- Takayoshi Kohmura,
- Aya Kubota,
- Maurice A. Leutenegger,
- Michael Loewenstein,
- Yoshitomo Maeda,
- Maxim Markevitch,
- Hironori Matsumoto,
- Kyoko Matsushita,
- Dan McCammon,
- Brian McNamara,
- François Mernier,
- Eric D. Miller,
- Jon M. Miller,
- Ikuyuki Mitsuishi,
- Misaki Mizumoto,
- Tsunefumi Mizuno,
- Koji Mori,
- Koji Mukai,
- Hiroshi Murakami,
- Richard Mushotzky,
- Hiroshi Nakajima,
- Kazuhiro Nakazawa,
- Jan-Uwe Ness,
- Kumiko Nobukawa,
- Masayoshi Nobukawa,
- Hirofumi Noda,
- Hirokazu Odaka,
- Shoji Ogawa,
- Anna Ogorzalek,
- Takashi Okajima,
- Naomi Ota,
- Stephane Paltani,
- Robert Petre,
- Paul Plucinsky,
- Frederick S. Porter,
- Katja Pottschmidt,
- Hidetoshi Sano,
- Kosuke Sato,
- Toshiki Sato,
- Makoto Sawada,
- Hiromi Seta,
- Megumi Shidatsu,
- Aurora Simionescu,
- Randall Smith,
- Hiromasa Suzuki,
- Andrew Szymkowiak,
- Hiromitsu Takahashi,
- Mai Takeo,
- Toru Tamagawa,
- Keisuke Tamura,
- Takaaki Tanaka,
- Atsushi Tanimoto,
- Makoto Tashiro,
- Yukikatsu Terada,
- Yuichi Terashima,
- Yohko Tsuboi,
- Masahiro Tsujimoto,
- Hiroshi Tsunemi,
- Takeshi G. Tsuru,
- Ayşegül Tümer,
- Hiroyuki Uchida,
- Nagomi Uchida,
- Yuusuke Uchida,
- Hideki Uchiyama,
- Yoshihiro Ueda,
- Shinichiro Uno,
- Jacco Vink,
- Shin Watanabe,
- Brian J. Williams,
- Satoshi Yamada,
- Shinya Yamada,
- Hiroya Yamaguchi,
- Kazutaka Yamaoka,
- Noriko Yamasaki,
- Makoto Yamauchi,
- Shigeo Yamauchi,
- Tahir Yaqoob,
- Tomokage Yoneyama,
- Tessei Yoshida,
- Mihoko Yukita,
- Irina Zhuravleva,
- Yuki Amano,
- Amy Gall,
- Sharon Mitrani,
- Kaito Murakami,
- Roi Rahin,
- Nari Suzuki
Affiliations
- XRISM Collaboration
- Marc Audard
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva , Versoix CH-1290, Switzerland
- Hisamitsu Awaki
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Ehime University , Ehime 790-8577, Japan
- Ralf Ballhausen
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USA; NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology , NASA/GSFC (CRESST II), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Aya Bamba
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Ehud Behar
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics , Technion, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Rozenn Boissay-Malaquin
- ORCiD
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology , NASA/GSFC (CRESST II), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland , Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
- Laura Brenneman
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics—Harvard-Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Gregory V. Brown
- ORCiD
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore, CA 94550, USA
- Lia Corrales
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Elisa Costantini
- ORCiD
- SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research , 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Renata Cumbee
- ORCiD
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- María Díaz Trigo
- ORCiD
- ESO , 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
- Chris Done
- ORCiD
- Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Department of Physics, University of Durham , Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Tadayasu Dotani
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) , Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
- Ken Ebisawa
- ORCiD
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) , Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
- Megan E. Eckart
- ORCiD
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore, CA 94550, USA
- Dominique Eckert
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva , Versoix CH-1290, Switzerland
- Satoshi Eguchi
- ORCiD
- Department of Economics, Kumamoto Gakuen University , Kumamoto 862-8680, Japan
- Teruaki Enoto
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Yuichiro Ezoe
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University , Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
- Adam Foster
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics—Harvard-Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Ryuichi Fujimoto
- ORCiD
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) , Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
- Yutaka Fujita
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University , Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
- Yasushi Fukazawa
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Hiroshima University , Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Kotaro Fukushima
- ORCiD
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) , Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
- Akihiro Furuzawa
- Department of Physics, Fujita Health University , Aichi 470-1192, Japan
- Luigi Gallo
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Physics, Saint Mary’s University , Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada
- Javier A. García
- ORCiD
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Liyi Gu
- ORCiD
- SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research , 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Matteo Guainazzi
- ORCiD
- European Space Agency (ESA) , European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
- Kouichi Hagino
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Kenji Hamaguchi
- ORCiD
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology , NASA/GSFC (CRESST II), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland , Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
- Isamu Hatsukade
- ORCiD
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki , Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
- Katsuhiro Hayashi
- ORCiD
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) , Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
- Takayuki Hayashi
- ORCiD
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology , NASA/GSFC (CRESST II), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland , Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
- Natalie Hell
- ORCiD
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore, CA 94550, USA
- Edmund Hodges-Kluck
- ORCiD
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Ann Hornschemeier
- ORCiD
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Yuto Ichinohe
- ORCiD
- RIKEN Nishina Center , Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Daiki Ishi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) , Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
- Manabu Ishida
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) , Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
- Kumi Ishikawa
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University , Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
- Yoshitaka Ishisaki
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University , Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
- Jelle Kaastra
- ORCiD
- SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research , 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden , NL-2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Timothy Kallman
- ORCiD
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Erin Kara
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research , Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Satoru Katsuda
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Saitama University , Saitama 338-8570, Japan
- Yoshiaki Kanemaru
- ORCiD
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) , Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
- Richard L. Kelley
- ORCiD
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Caroline A. Kilbourne
- ORCiD
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Shunji Kitamoto
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University , Tokyo 171-8501, Japan ; [email protected]
- Shogo Kobayashi
- ORCiD
- Faculty of Physics, Tokyo University of Science , Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
- Takayoshi Kohmura
- ORCiD
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Aya Kubota
- Department of Electronic Information Systems, Shibaura Institute of Technology , Saitama 337-8570, Japan
- Maurice A. Leutenegger
- ORCiD
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Michael Loewenstein
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USA; NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology , NASA/GSFC (CRESST II), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Yoshitomo Maeda
- ORCiD
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) , Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
- Maxim Markevitch
- ORCiD
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Hironori Matsumoto
- Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University , Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Kyoko Matsushita
- ORCiD
- Faculty of Physics, Tokyo University of Science , Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
- Dan McCammon
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Brian McNamara
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- François Mernier
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USA; NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology , NASA/GSFC (CRESST II), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Eric D. Miller
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research , Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Jon M. Miller
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Ikuyuki Mitsuishi
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Nagoya University , Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Misaki Mizumoto
- ORCiD
- Science Research Education Unit, University of Teacher Education Fukuoka , Fukuoka 811-4192, Japan
- Tsunefumi Mizuno
- ORCiD
- Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University , Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Koji Mori
- ORCiD
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki , Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
- Koji Mukai
- ORCiD
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology , NASA/GSFC (CRESST II), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland , Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
- Hiroshi Murakami
- Department of Data Science, Tohoku Gakuin University , Miyagi 984-8588, Japan
- Richard Mushotzky
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Hiroshi Nakajima
- ORCiD
- College of Science and Engineering, Kanto Gakuin University , Kanagawa 236-8501, Japan
- Kazuhiro Nakazawa
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Nagoya University , Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Jan-Uwe Ness
- ORCiD
- European Space Agency (ESA) , European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), E-28692 Madrid, Spain
- Kumiko Nobukawa
- ORCiD
- Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, KINDAI University , Osaka 577-8502, Japan
- Masayoshi Nobukawa
- ORCiD
- Department of Teacher Training and School Education, Nara University of Education , Nara 630-8528, Japan
- Hirofumi Noda
- ORCiD
- Astronomical Institute, Tohoku University , Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
- Hirokazu Odaka
- Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University , Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Shoji Ogawa
- ORCiD
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) , Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
- Anna Ogorzalek
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USA; NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology , NASA/GSFC (CRESST II), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Takashi Okajima
- ORCiD
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Naomi Ota
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Nara Women’s University , Nara 630-8506, Japan
- Stephane Paltani
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva , Versoix CH-1290, Switzerland
- Robert Petre
- ORCiD
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Paul Plucinsky
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics—Harvard-Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Frederick S. Porter
- ORCiD
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Katja Pottschmidt
- ORCiD
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology , NASA/GSFC (CRESST II), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland , Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
- Hidetoshi Sano
- ORCiD
- Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University , Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Kosuke Sato
- ORCiD
- Department of Astrophysics and Atmospheric Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University , Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
- Toshiki Sato
- ORCiD
- School of Science and Technology, Meiji University , Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
- Makoto Sawada
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University , Tokyo 171-8501, Japan ; [email protected]; RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research , Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Hiromi Seta
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University , Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
- Megumi Shidatsu
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Ehime University , Ehime 790-8577, Japan
- Aurora Simionescu
- ORCiD
- SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research , 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Randall Smith
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics—Harvard-Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Hiromasa Suzuki
- ORCiD
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) , Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
- Andrew Szymkowiak
- ORCiD
- Yale Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Yale University , New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Hiromitsu Takahashi
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Hiroshima University , Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Mai Takeo
- Department of Physics, Toyama University , Toyama 930-8555, Japan
- Toru Tamagawa
- ORCiD
- RIKEN Nishina Center , Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Keisuke Tamura
- ORCiD
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology , NASA/GSFC (CRESST II), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland , Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
- Takaaki Tanaka
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Konan University , Hyogo 658-8501, Japan
- Atsushi Tanimoto
- ORCiD
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University , Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan
- Makoto Tashiro
- ORCiD
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) , Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan; Department of Physics, Saitama University , Saitama 338-8570, Japan
- Yukikatsu Terada
- ORCiD
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) , Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan; Department of Physics, Saitama University , Saitama 338-8570, Japan
- Yuichi Terashima
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Ehime University , Ehime 790-8577, Japan
- Yohko Tsuboi
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Chuo University , Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
- Masahiro Tsujimoto
- ORCiD
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) , Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
- Hiroshi Tsunemi
- Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University , Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Takeshi G. Tsuru
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Ayşegül Tümer
- ORCiD
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology , NASA/GSFC (CRESST II), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland , Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
- Hiroyuki Uchida
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Nagomi Uchida
- ORCiD
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) , Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
- Yuusuke Uchida
- ORCiD
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Hideki Uchiyama
- ORCiD
- Faculty of Education, Shizuoka University , Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
- Yoshihiro Ueda
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Shinichiro Uno
- Nihon Fukushi University , Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
- Jacco Vink
- ORCiD
- SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research , 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands; Anton Pannekoek Institute, the University of Amsterdam , Postbus 942491090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Shin Watanabe
- ORCiD
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) , Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
- Brian J. Williams
- ORCiD
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Satoshi Yamada
- ORCiD
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research , Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Shinya Yamada
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University , Tokyo 171-8501, Japan ; [email protected]
- Hiroya Yamaguchi
- ORCiD
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) , Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
- Kazutaka Yamaoka
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Nagoya University , Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Noriko Yamasaki
- ORCiD
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) , Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
- Makoto Yamauchi
- ORCiD
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki , Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
- Shigeo Yamauchi
- Department of Physics, Nara Women’s University , Nara 630-8506, Japan
- Tahir Yaqoob
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology , NASA/GSFC (CRESST II), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland , Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
- Tomokage Yoneyama
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Chuo University , Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
- Tessei Yoshida
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) , Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
- Mihoko Yukita
- ORCiD
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Irina Zhuravleva
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Yuki Amano
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) , Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
- Amy Gall
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics—Harvard-Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Sharon Mitrani
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics , Technion, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Kaito Murakami
- Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University , Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Roi Rahin
- ORCiD
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Nari Suzuki
- Department of Physics, Nara Women’s University , Nara 630-8506, Japan
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ade138
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 988,
no. 2
p. L58
Abstract
W49B is a unique Galactic supernova remnant with centrally peaked, “bar”-like ejecta distribution, which was once considered evidence for a hypernova origin that resulted in a bipolar ejection of the stellar core. However, chemical abundance measurements contradict this interpretation. Closely connected to the morphology of the ejecta is its velocity distribution, which provides critical details for understanding the explosion mechanism. We report the first ever observational constraint on the kinematics of the ejecta in W49B using the Resolve microcalorimeter spectrometer on the X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM). Using XRISM/Resolve, we measured the line-of-sight velocity traced by the Fe He α emission, which is the brightest feature in the Resolve spectrum, to vary by ±300 km s ^−1 with a smooth east-to-west gradient of a few tens of kilometers per second per parsec along the major axis. Similar trends in the line-of-sight velocity structure were found for other Fe-group elements Cr and Mn, traced by the He α emission, and also for intermediate-mass elements Si, S, Ar, and Ca, traced by the Ly α emission. The discovery of the east–west gradient in the line-of-sight velocity, together with the absence of a twin-peaked line profile or enhanced broadening in the central region, clearly rejects the equatorially expanding disk model. In contrast, the observed velocity structure suggests bipolar flows reminiscent of a bipolar explosion scenario. An alternative scenario would be a collimation of the ejecta by an elongated cavity sculpted by bipolar stellar winds.
Keywords