Red orange and lemon extract preserve from oxidative stress, DNA damage and inflammatory status in lambs

Abstract

Oxidative stress causes several pathological conditions in farm animals by inducing a reduction in animal welfare and production with major economic losses for livestock. The standardised phytoextract obtained by red orange and lemon processing has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study we have investigated whether treating lambs for 40 days with red orange and lemon extract (RLE) was able to prevent the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, typically in newborn period. For this purpose, at the end of treatment, redox status was assessed in plasma using oxidative stress markers: malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activities. Moreover, 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in urine was measured as a biomarker of DNA damage and finally, the markers of inflammatory status, interleukin (IL) 1β and 6, were measured in plasma by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results showed that RLE-treated lambs improved antioxidant mechanisms as demonstrated by the increase in SOD, CAT and GPx activities and, furthermore, a significant reduction in oxidative stress-induced damage was demonstrated through MDA and 8-OHdG measurements. Moreover, RLE was also able to prevent the increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines concentration, such as IL- 1 β and IL 6. Results showed in the present paper demonstrate the potential beneficial effects of the RLE in lambs.HIGHLIGHTS Oxidative stress causes economic loss and welfare impairment in livestock. Several oxidative markers can be used to assess the redox status in plasma. The activity of some antioxidant enzymes increased in RLE treated lambs. A reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines was recorded in RLE treated lambs.

Keywords

• red orange and lemon extract
• flavonoids
• oxidative stress
• anti-inflammatory status
• lambs