Graphite-TiO2-doped coated sand granules for efficient continuous removal of methylene blue dye: Combining adsorption and photocatalytic degradation

Nasser A.M. Barakat; Hesham A. Omran; Mohamed K. Hassan; Ahmed F. Mohamed; Ahmed H. Backar; Osama M. Irfan; Olfat A. Mohamed

Results in Engineering (Dec 2023)

Graphite-TiO2-doped coated sand granules for efficient continuous removal of methylene blue dye: Combining adsorption and photocatalytic degradation

Nasser A.M. Barakat,
Hesham A. Omran,
Mohamed K. Hassan,
Ahmed F. Mohamed,
Ahmed H. Backar,
Osama M. Irfan,
Olfat A. Mohamed

Affiliations

Nasser A.M. Barakat: Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, El-Minia, 61516, Egypt; Corresponding author. Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, El-Minia, 61516, Egypt.
Hesham A. Omran: Production Engineering & Design Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, El-Minia, 61516, Egypt
Mohamed K. Hassan: Production Engineering & Design Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, El-Minia, 61516, Egypt; Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Islamic Architecture, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
Ahmed F. Mohamed: Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Islamic Architecture, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia; Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt
Ahmed H. Backar: Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Islamic Architecture, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia; Production Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21544, Egypt
Osama M. Irfan: Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia; Department of Production Engineering, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef, 62521, Egypt; Corresponding author. Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia.
Olfat A. Mohamed: Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Port Said, 42523, Egypt

Journal volume & issue: Vol. 20
p. 101646

Abstract

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This manuscript focuses on the development of coated sand granules, consisting of a thin layer of graphite doped with activated carbon (AC) and titanium oxide (TiO2) for continuous removal of methylene blue dye. The coating process was carrried out by using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), AC and titanium isopropoxide (TiP). The graphitic surface was activated using 1.0 M KOH solution. Increasing the sand granules' weight from 5 to 10 g considerably enhanced adsorption capacity, with minimal improvements observed at 20 g. Calcination temperatures above 500 °C exhibited no significant impact on adsorption capacity, as samples prepared at 650 and 800 °C showed similar dye removal efficiency to the 500 °C sample. Increasing the amounts of TiP and PVP linearly improved adsorption capacity, albeit at a modest rate. The incoorporation of AC particles distinctly enhanced dye removal process, with the highest enhancement observed at 1 g AC content, further augmented by light irradiation. Flow rate studies revealed that maintaining a flow rate of 4 ml/min.cm2 resulted in continuous and stable removal (90 % removal for 90min). Increasing the flow rate to 8 ml/min.cm2 led to a linear reduction in removal rate (77 % removal after 90min), while a flow rate of 18 ml/min.cm2 showed an S-shaped adsorption isotherm, reaching 35 % removal after 90min.

Published in Results in Engineering

ISSN: 2590-1230 (Online)
Publisher: Elsevier
Country of publisher: Netherlands
LCC subjects: Technology
Website: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/results-in-engineering

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